Disease relevance of AT3G11630

• (i) Escherichia coli over-expressing BAS1 exhibit increased tolerance for alkyl hydroperoxides in vivo [1].

High impact information on AT3G11630

• An Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant for NTRC shows irregular mesophyll cell shape, abnormal chloroplast structure, and unbalanced BAS1 redox state, resulting in impaired photosynthesis rate under low light [2].
• Vitamin E is considered a major antioxidant in biomembranes, but little evidence exists for this function in plants under photooxidative stress [3].
• Glutathione (GSH) is a key component of plant antioxidant defenses [4].
• Vitamin B6 is an essential coenzyme for numerous metabolic enzymes and is a potent antioxidant [5].
• Unlike BAS1/CYP734A1 the expression of CYP72C1 was not changed by application of exogenous brassinolide [6].

Biological context of AT3G11630

• The best-characterized member of the chloroplast peroxiredoxins is 2-Cys Prx that is associated with the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane and is considered to participate in antioxidant defense and protection of photosynthesis [7].
• (v) The bas1 gene expression is regulated under the control of the cellular redox state which is in accordance with the anti-oxidant function of the enzyme [1].
• (iv) The amino acid sequence of the BAS1 core protein of higher plants has a higher degree of similarity to open reading frames in the genome of the bluegreen algae Synechochystis PCC sp. 6803 and in the plastome of the red algae Porphyra purpurea than to any other nuclear-encoded 2-Cys peroxiredoxin [1].
• These P450s show high homology with Arabidopsis CYP734A1/BAS1 (formerly CYP72B1), which inactivates BRs via C-26 hydroxylation [8].
• The redox-regulated 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-A (2CPA) promoter, which drives expression of a dominant chloroplast antioxidant enzyme, responds to signals originating from the photosynthetic electron transport downstream of PSI [9].

Anatomical context of AT3G11630

• (ii) BAS1 protein is associated with the soluble chloroplast fraction of mesophyll protoplasts [1].

Associations of AT3G11630 with chemical compounds

• Effect of chlorophyll reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana by methyl jasmonate or norflurazon on antioxidant systems [10].
• Most studies on the function of tocopherols in plants have focused on their photo-protective and antioxidant properties, and it has been recently suggested, though not yet demonstrated, that they may also play a role in cellular signaling [11].
• Inhibitor studies with PD98059 and staurosporine showed that a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase transmits the oxidative response, while the antioxidant signal is transmitted by a serine/threonine kinase [9].
• Because treatment with the antioxidant n-propyl gallate before irradiation suppressed these changes, gamma irradiation partially rescued the rhd2 mutant (defective in NADPH oxidase); the superoxide-generating reagent paraquat induced similar root morphogenesis [12].
• Content of reactive oxygen species (ROS): O2*-, H2O2 and OH* as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were studied in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia, treated with Cu excess (0, 5, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 300 microM) [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AT3G11630

• Taken together, the results demonstrate an antioxidant role for plant oxy5 gene in mammalian cells, which can be potentially utilized in gene therapy programs aimed at reducing the deleterious effects of ROS [14].

References