Disease relevance of Cell Shape

• Differential sensitivity to induced mutation was not correlated with differences in plating efficiency, wild type sensitivity to ethyl methanesulfonate, 6-thioguanine, or ouabain toxicity, ploidy, cell shape, cell size, or ability to engage in metabolic cooperation [1].
• To understand the role of cell shape changes on matrix metalloproteinase expression in human glioma cells, we treated SNB19 cells with cytochalasin-D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, and colchicine-B, a tubulin inhibitor, in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [2].
• Escherichia coli strains partially induced for the stringent response are resistant to mecillinam, a beta-lactam antibiotic which specifically inactivates penicillin-binding protein 2, the key enzyme determining cell shape [3].
• Control of cell shape and elongation by the rodA gene in Bacillus subtilis [4].
• Bacteroides forsythus is the first wild-type or mutant bacterium found to require exogenous N-acetylmuramic acid for proliferation and maintenance of cell shape [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cell Shape

• These phenotypes are accompanied by an arrest of the cell shape changes normally occurring in lateral epidermis and in epithelial midgut cells. l(2)gl activity is also necessary for larval fife and the critical period falls within the third instar larval stage [6].

High impact information on Cell Shape

• Migfilin and Mig-2 link focal adhesions to filamin and the actin cytoskeleton and function in cell shape modulation [7].
• Loss of Mig-2 or migfilin impairs cell shape modulation [7].
• In the absence of proteolysis, tumor cells embedded in physiologically relevant ECM matrices are trapped in a compact, spherical configuration and unable to undergo changes in cell shape or cytoskeletal reorganization required for 3D growth [8].
• Rather than integrating proliferative signals, Shp2 probably exerts its effects on limb development by influencing cell shape, movement or adhesion [9].
• These findings suggest that dynamic changes in actin filaments alter cell shape to control the movement of signals that coordinate a wave of differentiation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cell Shape

• A 60-kilodalton immunodominant glycoprotein is essential for cell wall integrity and the maintenance of cell shape in Streptococcus mutans [11].
• These results suggest that multipolar-type cell shape change in Neuro-2a cells is correlated with the accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP and that griseolic acid is a useful compound to induce neuroblastoma cells into terminal differentiation [12].
• Effect of thymine concentration on cell shape in Thy- Escherichia coli B/r [13].
• Variants of Bacillus subtilis resistant to the detergent Triton X-100 may exhibit: (i) normal cell morphology, (ii) reduced cell diameter, or (iii) helical cell shape [14].
• We found significant changes in cell shape in response to exposure to anoxia and HgCl2 in these cultures, with extensive cell rounding and retraction at times when cell viability remained high [15].

Biological context of Cell Shape

• Effective inhibition of mitosis in the cells of the ventral furrow depends on the transcription factor Snail that triggers the ventral cell shape changes [16].
• Role of band 3 in homeostasis and cell shape [17].
• A second S. cerevisiae protein, CDC24, which is known from complementation studies to act with CDC42Sc to regulate the development of normal cell shape and the selection of nonrandom budding sites in yeast, contains a region with sequence similarity to the dbl oncogene product [18].
• Integrin-mediated reorganization of cell shape leads to an altered cellular phenotype [19].
• Cell lines overexpressing PTP1 had diminished amplitude and duration of actin tyrosine phosphorylation and exhibited diminished cell-shape change and an accelerated return to the extended cell-shape morphology seen in starved cells [20].

Anatomical context of Cell Shape

• A dynamic actin cytoskeleton is essential for the remodeling of cell shape during development, but the specific roles of many actin partners remain unclear [21].
• FKN also induced cell shape change in firmly adherent monocytes and IL-2-activated lymphocytes [22].
• By contrast, knockdown of Slac2-a (also called melanophilin), another Rab27A-binding protein in melanocytes, caused perinuclear aggregation of melanosomes alone without altering cell shape [23].
• Immunological characterization of a major transformation-sensitive fibroblast cell surface glycoprotein. Localization, redistribution, and role in cell shape [24].
• The hormone is shown to cause: (a) increased flattening and adhesion to solid substrates and to fibrin layers, (b) inhibition of the cell shape change triggered by catecholamines and cAMP, (c) extensive fibronectin deposition on normally fibronectinless cells' surface, and (d) microtubule rearrangement [25].

Associations of Cell Shape with chemical compounds

• Mutations in Drosophila scribble (scrib), which encodes a multi-PDZ (PSD-95, Discs-large and ZO-1) and leucine-rich-repeat protein, cause aberrant cell shapes and loss of the monolayer organization of embryonic epithelia [26].
• Cell shape was found to govern whether individual cells grow or die, regardless of the type of matrix protein or antibody to integrin used to mediate adhesion [27].
• These patterns were correlated with those of cell shape change that propagate through the monolayers: cells in regions of high concentrations of cyclic AMP were elongated (presumably moving up a cyclic AMP gradient), whereas those in regions of low cyclic AMP concentrations were randomly directed [28].
• Normalization of the C/P of spur serum by added phospholipid prevented the increase in membrane cholesterol and surface area and the transformation of cell shape [29].
• As assessed by cell shape change, preincubation with 10(-5) M ouabain for 60 min also enhanced the sustained cellular contractile effect of a submaximal (10(-8) M AVP, 21.5% vs. 30.5%, P less than 0.01) but not maximal dose of 10(-6) M AVP [30].

Gene context of Cell Shape

• When activated by specific stresses that alter cell shape and the cytoskeleton, MEKK1 signals to protect cells from apoptosis [31].
• Characterization of a loss-of-function mutant of Drosophila Pkn revealed that this kinase is required specifically for the epidermal cell shape changes during the morphogenetic process of dorsal closure of the developing embryo [32].
• These observations suggest that a common cdc42-based mechanism may govern polarized cell shape changes in a wide variety of cell types [33].
• Occupation of uPAR elicited a time-dependent increase in the phosphorylation intensity of CK8, a cell shape change and a redistribution of the cytokeratin filaments [34].
• Embryos completely lacking both maternal and zygotic Abl die with defects in several morphogenetic processes requiring cell shape changes and cell migration [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cell Shape

• First, we use real-time and time-lapsed laser confocal microscopy to follow actin dynamics and document cell shape changes and tissue movements in living, unperturbed embryos [36].
• These cells also exhibited stringent dependency on cell shape with a mitotic index of less than 3% at poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) concentrations at which the cells were rounded versus a labeling index of 75-90% when the cells were flat [37].
• In embryos mutant for folded gastrulation (fog), these cell shape changes occur but the timing and synchrony of the constrictions are abnormal [38].
• Treatment of cloned murine CTL with PMA induced a change in cell shape without movement of cytoplasmic granules, whereas increased intracellular [Ca2+] after treatment with ionomycin resulted in granule movement without shape change [39].
• These data show that alpha(5)beta(1) can bind to FN within a clot to promote clot retraction and support cell shape change [40].

References