Disease relevance of DMC1

• Previous studies have shown that the RAD51 and DMC1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode homologs of the Escherichia coli RecA strand exchange enzyme [1].

High impact information on DMC1

• Meiotic recombination requires the meiosis-specific RecA homolog Dmc1 as well as the mitotic RecA homolog Rad51 [2].
• A protein complex containing Mei5 and Sae3 promotes the assembly of the meiosis-specific RecA homolog Dmc1 [2].
• Red1 promotes DSB formation in both R- and G-bands and then promotes Dmc1 loading, specifically counteracting disfavoring R-band effects [3].
• The hop2 mutant arrests at the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase with the RecA-like protein Dmc1 located at numerous sites along synapsed chromosomes [4].
• Analysis of zip1 mutants shows that Zip1 promotes dissociation of Dmc1 complexes [5].

Biological context of DMC1

• Analysis of various double mutants suggests that HOP2, MND1, and DMC1 act in the same genetic pathway for the establishment of close juxtaposition between homologous meiotic chromosomes [6].
• BACKGROUND: DMC1, the meiosis-specific eukaryotic homologue of bacterial recA, is required for completion of meiotic recombination and cell cycle progression past prophase [7].
• The ability of RAD54 to promote DMC1-independent recombination is proposed to involve suppression of a constraint that normally promotes recombination between homologous chromatids rather than sisters [7].
• Results presented here demonstrate that the dmc1 and rad51 mutants undergo nearly complete chromosome synapsis, but synaptonemal complex formation is delayed substantially compared with wild type [1].
• The mei5 and sae3 mutations reduce sporulation, spore viability, and crossing over to the same extent as dmc1 [8].

Anatomical context of DMC1

• The DMC1 protein was detected in leptotene-to-zygotene spermatocytes, when homolog pairing likely initiates [9].
• Consistent with a similar role in mammals, Rad1 protein is abundant in testis, and is associated with both synapsed and unsynapsed chromosomes during meiotic prophase I of spermatogenesis, with a staining pattern distinct from that of the recombination proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 [10].

Associations of DMC1 with chemical compounds

• Cisplatin-induced DSBs restored Rad51/Dmc1 foci and promoted synapsis [11].
• Calcium ion promotes yeast Dmc1 activity via formation of long and fine helical filaments with single-stranded DNA [12].
• In addition, Dmc1 catalyzes strand assimilation of ssDNA oligonucleotides into homologous supercoiled duplex DNA in a reaction promoted by ATP or the non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue AMP-PNP [13].

Physical interactions of DMC1

• Tid1p interacts with recombination enzymes Dmc1p and Rad51p and has an established role in recombination repair [14].

Regulatory relationships of DMC1

• High copy numbers of RAD54 activate a DMC1-independent mechanism that promotes repair of DSBs by homology-mediated recombination [7].

Other interactions of DMC1

• Coordinate action of mitotic recA homologs as one functional unit, two functions of RED1, and an interhomolog interaction function of DMC1 are also revealed [15].
• Curiously, the mitosis-specific checkpoint gene RAD9 is not required for meiotic arrest of dmc1 mutants [16].
• Also, Dmc1 foci appear early in a tid1/rdh54 mutant [17].
• Expression of middle sporulation genes, as well as entry into the meiotic divisions, was restored to a dmc1 strain by mutation of RAD17 [18].
• Taken together, these observations suggest that the Mei5 and Sae3 proteins are accessory factors specific to Dmc1 [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of DMC1

• Dmc1-K69Ep, unlike Dmc1p, does not interact homotypically in a two-hybrid assay, although it does interact with other fusion proteins identified by two-hybrid screen with Dmc1p [19].
• In this study, recruitment of Dmc1p and Rad51p to the VDE-induced DSB repair site is investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay [20].
• Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that DNA binding by Dmc1 is cooperative [13].
• We showed by northern and Southern blot analysis that dmc1(+) and rad24(+) are co-transcribed as a bicistronic mRNA of 2.8 kb with meiotic specificity, whereas rad24(+) itself is constitutively transcribed as a 1.0-kb mRNA species during meiosis [21].

References