Disease relevance of Synaptonemal Complex

• DMC1: a meiosis-specific yeast homolog of E. coli recA required for recombination, synaptonemal complex formation, and cell cycle progression [1].

High impact information on Synaptonemal Complex

• Assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC) initiates at a few sites along each chromosome, triggered by a complex of proteins (including Zip2 and Zip3) called the synapsis initiation complex (SIC) [2].
• Zip3 provides a link between recombination enzymes and synaptonemal complex proteins [3].
• In the zip1 mutant, meiotic chromosomes fail to synapse, owing to the absence of a structural component of the synaptonemal complex (SC) [4].
• We show that null mutations block both meiotic recombination and formation of synaptonemal complex (SC) at early stages, while nonnull mutations block both processes at intermediate stages [5].
• The duplicated Arabidopsis genes ZYP1a/ZYP1b encode closely related proteins with structural similarity to the synaptonemal complex (SC) transverse filament proteins from other species [6].

Biological context of Synaptonemal Complex

• Nuclear spreads of meiotic chromosomes from mek1 diploids reveal numerous stretches of synaptonemal complex (SC) that are shorter than wild-type SCs [7].
• Mutants defective in meiotic recombination and synaptonemal complex formation undergo checkpoint-mediated arrest in mid-meiotic prophase [8].
• In contrast, the CDC7 protein is known to be dispensable for meiotic S phase, but is required for synaptonemal complex formation and recombination [9].
• Here we report that in stationary-phase cultures containing low concentration of glucose, cells overexpressing IME1 undergo the early meiotic events, including DNA replication, commitment to recombination, and synaptonemal complex formation and dissolution [10].
• The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zip1 mutant, which exhibits defects in synaptonemal complex formation and meiotic recombination, triggers a checkpoint that causes cells to arrest at the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase [11].

Anatomical context of Synaptonemal Complex

• Pachytene oocytes from the ratite bird Rhea americana were used for synaptonemal complex analysis with a surface spreading technique and phosphotungstic acid staining [12].

Associations of Synaptonemal Complex with chemical compounds

• Exposure to this odour from postnatal day 11 until day 45 (sexual maturation) resulted in reduced sex organ weights, reduced testosterone levels and in an increase in abnormalities of the synaptonemal complex in both sex chromosomes and autosomes [13].
• The effects of X-radiation, bleomycin and amsacrine (m-AMSA) on the meiotic chromosomes of male Armenian hamsters were determined by electron microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complex (SC) damage [14].

Gene context of Synaptonemal Complex

• DMC1, RAD51, and ZIP1 encode two RecA homologs and a synaptonemal complex protein, respectively [15].
• c(3)G encodes a Drosophila synaptonemal complex protein [16].
• Here, we demonstrate that the HOP1 gene product, which plays a crucial role in the formation of synaptonemal complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, binds robustly to G4 DNA [17].
• B-type cyclins CLB5 and CLB6 control the initiation of recombination and synaptonemal complex formation in yeast meiosis [18].
• RAD50 function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required during vegetative growth for recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks, and during meiosis for initiation of meiotic recombination and formation of synaptonemal complex [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Synaptonemal Complex

• Although synaptonemal complex (SC) components initially associate with synapsed homologues in ord mutants, their localization is severely disrupted during pachytene progression, and normal tripartite SC is not visible by electron microscopy [20].
• The frequency and distribution of the mismatch repair protein MLH1 was analyzed on synaptonemal complex spreads of chicken oocytes using indirect immunofluorescence [21].

References