Disease relevance of Muscidae

• Toxicity of synergized and unsynergized nitromethylene heterocycle insecticide (SD 35651) to susceptible and resistant strains of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) [1].
• Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) was detected in Musca autumnalis De Geer after feeding on virus suspensions in bovine albumin or sucrose [2].
• Laboratory evaluation of BAY SIR 8514 against the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae): effects on immature stages and adult sterility [3].
• Neurons in the hypocerebral ganglion of horn fly, Hematobia irritans (L.), and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), were found to contain material immunoreactive to antiserum produced against the C-terminal of leucomyosuppressin, but not to the N-terminal of dromyossuppressin [4].
• Laboratory evaluation of an exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni to horn fly larvae (Diptera: Muscidae) and mice [5].

High impact information on Muscidae

• In this article, Tom Miller explains the principle mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids, using the North American horn fly (Haematobia irritans) as an example now showing many common resistance traits [6].
• As discussed by Tom Miller (see pages S8-S12) there is firm evidence for Pyrethroid resistance in some species of medical and veterinary importance - especially in the horn fly, Haemotobia irritans [7].
• Stc-TK is a potent, partial agonist of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) tachykinin receptor, STKR [8].
• STKR is an insect G protein-coupled receptor, cloned from the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans [9].
• These results have important implications for the design of new insecticides, as the target AChE is thus encoded by distinct genes in different insect groups, even within the Diptera: ace-2 in at least the Drosophilidae and Muscidae and ace-1 in at least the Culicidae [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Muscidae

• Dose-mortality data from 40 horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), populations revealed that susceptibility to permethrin and diazinon was negatively correlated (i.e., as susceptibility to permethrin decreased, toxicity of diazinon increased) [11].
• The toxicity of cypermethrin to the horn fly Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) was determined for samples collected from untreated herds at a farm in central Argentina from October 1997 to May 2001 [12].

Biological context of Muscidae

• Gene fragments encoding serine proteases expressed in adult buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) were amplified from cDNA using generic oligonucleotide PCR primers, based on conserved residues surrounding the active-site His and Ser amino acids found in all serine proteases [13].
• Circadian rhythm of trehalose in the face fly Musca autumnalis de Geer [14].
• beta-ecdysone levels in pharate pupae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans and interaction with the chitin inhibitor diflubenzuron [15].
• Hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine by midgut homogenates of the stable fly [16].
• Genetics and fitness costs of cyromazine resistance in the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) [17].

Anatomical context of Muscidae

• Fly mortality occurred in the larval stages, and the bioassay for feces from cattle given monensin at 200 mg/head daily showed an average of 19.9 and 23.3% fewer (P less than .01) face fly and horn fly pupae, respectively, than were recovered from feces of the untreated cattle [18].

Associations of Muscidae with chemical compounds

• Association of midgut defensin with a novel serine protease in the blood-sucking fly Stomoxys calcitrans [19].
• Cloning and characterisation of angiotensin-converting enzyme from the dipteran species, Haematobia irritans exigua, and its expression in the maturing male reproductive system [20].
• Male mice exposed to a single 30-min session of attack by intact biting flies (stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L.) exhibited increased plasma corticosterone levels and active self-burying responses to avoid the flies [21].
• The folate analogues methotrexate, aminopterin and pyrimethamine were toxic when fed in a blood meal to adult buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua), but aminopterin caused greater mortality than methotrexate, while trimethoprim was not toxic to adult flies [22].
• No significant face fly control was achieved with the 5% permethrin tag [23].

Gene context of Muscidae

• HieACE, a soluble 70 kDa protein related to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has recently been identified, characterized and cloned from the adult buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) [24].
• The result indicated that this newly identified proprotein convertase is of importance for the proteolytic maturation of thrombostasin, a protein secreted in horn fly saliva and used by the insect to counteract its host's haemostatic response [25].
• Given the structural identities of the kinins and CRF-like diuretic hormones of these Dipteran species, the housefly can serve as a model insect for the study of diuretic peptides and their functions in the stable fly and horn fly, both livestock pests [26].
• Both the coding sequences and patterns of expression of Gsp1 and Gsp2 genes are similar to the serine proteases that have been reported from the bloodfeeding insect Stomoxys calcitrans [27].
• Purification and characterization of chitinase from the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Muscidae

• Molecular cloning and expression of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene from adult buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua): effects of antifolates [22].
• Lipids and sterols in Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae): changes after treatment with sucrose and lead [29].

References