Disease relevance of Affective Symptoms

• Three patients with organic and affective symptoms related to multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus responded dramatically to sodium valproate after other treatments had failed [1].
• Sodium valproate, a medication sometimes effective in bipolar disorder, produced a rapid remission of previously refractory bulimia and affective symptoms in a young woman [2].
• The physiological roles in the aniracetam-sensitive brain regions may closely link with their clinical efficacy towards emotional disturbances appearing after cerebral infarction [3].
• BRL 26830A, which promoted weight loss, did not significantly influence hunger and satiety sensations and was not associated with emotional disturbances during dieting [4].
• Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by severe degeneration of basal ganglia, motor abnormalities, impaired cognitive functions and emotional disturbances [5].

Psychiatry related information on Affective Symptoms

• They conclude that active affective symptoms, previous affective episodes, and a family history of affective disorder may predict a favorable response to lithium [6].
• Trials of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors suggest they may be effective for emotional disturbances complicating Alzheimer's disease [7].
• Long-term administration of valproic acid in the treatment of affective symptoms in people with mental retardation [8].
• Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that after controlling for sensory threshold, duration of stimulation, and self-reported caffeine consumption, alexithymia predicted significantly pain tolerance level (beta=-0.33, P=0.01) [9].
• These results indicate that ziprasidone 120 mg/day is effective in the treatment of the positive, negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with a very low side-effect burden [10].

High impact information on Affective Symptoms

• The status of the serotonin receptor system may affect the reproductive capacity of an organism and may be related to sex-linked emotional disturbances in humans [11].
• The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth. Functional impairment and serious emotional disturbance [12].
• Lithium carbonate benefit did not seem to be restricted to affective symptoms only [13].
• RESULTS: Men with alexithymia demonstrated less cerebral activation in the left mediofrontal-paracingulate cortex in response to highly negative stimuli and more activation in the anterior cingulate, mediofrontal cortex, and middle frontal gyrus in response to highly positive stimuli than men without alexithymia [14].
• Greater reductions in severity of positive and affective symptoms were seen with risperidone than with olanzapine treatment among study completers [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Affective Symptoms

• Furthermore, in a group of smokers with a history of major depression, affective symptoms, without concurrent syndromal illness, may be ameliorated by treatment with fluoxetine [16].
• Bipolar affective symptoms associated with use of captopril and abrupt withdrawal of pargyline and propranolol [17].
• Quetiapine is superior to placebo and at least equivalent to haloperidol for improving a broad range of symptoms encountered in patients with schizophrenia, including positive symptoms, negative symptoms, affective symptoms, and cognitive outcomes [18].
• The symptom of "diminished interest or pleasure" in rewarding stimuli is an affective symptom of nicotine and amphetamine withdrawal, and a core symptom of depression [19].
• In preclinical studies, ziprasidone was predicted to have efficacy against positive, negative and affective symptoms of schizophrenia with a favourable tolerability profile, including a low propensity to induce extrapyramidal adverse effects [20].

Biological context of Affective Symptoms

• The observation that female sex hormones are involved in the regulation of serotonin receptors may have important implications in the understanding of female sexual behavior in the female rat and in the understanding of hormone-linked emotional disturbances in women [21].
• There was neither a correlation of TT, FTcalc nor BT values with clinical symptoms nor with biochemical and radiological parameters, ie affective symptoms and sexual interest, circulating estradiol, lipid levels, bone mineral density or lean body mass [22].
• Fluctuations in appetite, cravings and energy intake during the menstrual cycle may occur in parallel with cyclical rhythms in serotonin, which can be accompanied by affective symptoms [23].
• Furthermore, considering the relationship among diurnal rhythm, emotional disturbance and the mPFC, the site-specific diurnal rhythmicity of 5-HIAA in the mPFC may be a useful index in neurochemical studies on emotional states, such as seen in affective disorders and psychiatric diseases [24].
• Hormonal replacement therapy--usually involving estrogen with or without an added progestin--has been proposed as a treatment for a variety of changes associated with the perimenopausal years, including hot flushes, vaginal and urinary tract atrophy, sexual problems, aging skin, and a number of affective symptoms [25].

Anatomical context of Affective Symptoms

• It has been suggested that the characteristics of alexithymia result from deficits in frontal lobe functioning, and the prefrontal cortex is particularly dependent on the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) pathway [26].
• These include attitudes to health as measured by the Health Locus of Control, low levels of trait anxiety, increased neuroticism, and emotional disturbance as measured by the General Health Questionnaire, the strength endurance of the thigh muscles (quadriceps), and height [27].
• OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) there is involvement outside of mesial structures and that this involvement affects serotonin systems, thus suggesting a mechanism for affective symptoms in this population [28].

Gene context of Affective Symptoms

• We therefore investigated in healthy women the relationship between alexithymia and circulating levels of IL-1, IL-2 and IL-4 [29].
• We therefore investigated in healthy women the relationship between alexithymia and circulating levels of IL-1, IL-2 and IL-4 [30].
• To assess seasonal affective symptoms in adults with ADHD, 115 individuals attending an adult ADHD clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada were asked to complete the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) [31].
• We investigated the relationship between COMT Val108/158Met, serotonin transporter coding sequence (5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphic region; 5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms, and alexithymia.The study sample comprised 109 students at the Korea University. All participants were tested using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) [26].
• Reductions in 5-HT1A binding in the insula and cingulate suggest a mechanism by which affective symptoms in MTLE may result [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Affective Symptoms

• Before LRT, the authors administered the Integrated House-Tree-Person Drawing Test (I-HTP) and 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to 31 donor-recipient pairs undergoing living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) and 65 pairs undergoing living-related kidney transplantation (LRKT) [32].
• Possible therapeutic effect of T-794, a novel reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A, on post-stroke emotional disturbances, assessed in animal models of depression [33].
• Consequently, pharmacological agents such as lithium or bright light therapy, which have been shown to phase-delay circadian rhythms, might be effective in the treatment of affective symptoms in MS as well as preventing motor exacerbation and hastening a remission from an acute attack [34].

References