Disease relevance of Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• The combination of GM-CSF production by the tumor and TNF production by immune cells may influence not only tumor growth but also some of the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with malignancy such as hypercalcemia, cachexia and leukocytosis [1].
• Anti-neurofilament antibodies in the sera of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and with visual paraneoplastic syndrome [2].
• Depolarization-induced uptake of 45Ca2+ by SCC lines was reduced maximally after 3-4 days of exposure to serum immunoglobulins from 14 of 19 LES patients, while 53 control immunoglobulins (including patients with SCC, other tumors, other paraneoplastic syndromes, and other neurological and autoimmune diseases) were without effect [3].
• Other autoimmune causes of chorea include systemic lupus erythematosus as well as paraneoplastic syndromes [4].
• A common feature of this panel of mesothelioma cell lines is the production of IL-6; although the biological significance of the aberrant production of cytokines by mesotheliomas remains unclear, IL-6 might be involved in paraneoplastic syndromes such as thrombocytosis [5].

High impact information on Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• Ma2 shares homology with Ma1, a "brain-testis-cancer" gene related to other paraneoplastic syndromes and tumors [6].
• Excessive tumor-elaborated VEGF and its neutralization define a lethal paraneoplastic syndrome [7].
• Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is an ocular manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome whereby immunological reactions to retinal antigens aberrantly expressed in tumor cells lead to the degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells [8].
• The antibody was not present in sera from normal individuals; patients with breast cancer without opsoclonus; other patients with opsoclonus; or patients with other paraneoplastic syndromes related to breast, ovarian, or small-cell lung cancer [9].
• We have identified an autoantibody that reacts with a neuronal nucleoprotein in the serum of patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and the paraneoplastic syndrome, subacute sensory neuronopathy (SSN) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• Opsoclonic cerebellopathy: A paraneoplastic syndrome responsive to thiamine [11].
• Isolation of a glycoprotein responsible for the enhanced concanavalin A agglutinability of erythrocytes in Yoshida-ascites-sarcoma-bearing rats: the mechanism of paraneoplastic syndromes [12].
• Two patients presented with a paraneoplastic syndrome, including 1 man with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and 1 who suffered from thyroxine intoxication [13].
• Identification of the amino acids on a neuronal glutamate receptor recognized by an autoantibody from a patient with paraneoplastic syndrome [14].
• Our observations suggest that estramustine phosphate might play either a direct role or produce a side effect within the context of latent paraneoplastic syndrome [15].

Biological context of Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, and the recoverin-specific autoantibody is suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of retinopathy, including apoptosis of retinal cells [16].
• Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is an ocular manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome whereby immunological reactions toward recoverin (Rec), a retina-specific Ca(2+) binding protein, and its aberrant expression in tumor cells lead to the retinal degeneration [17].

Anatomical context of Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• The demonstration of TGF-alpha in infiltrating mast cells, the clinical regression of tripe palms and the lowering of the serum level and the mast cell molecular signal of the cytokine when systemic mastocytosis was controlled by interferon-alfa, suggest a key role for TGF-alpha in this cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome [18].
• OKa-C-1 cells simultaneously produce granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) at the single cell level and cause paraneoplastic syndromes in nude mice bearing the tumor [19].
• Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and IL-6 overproduction as responsible for immune dysregulation and paraneoplastic syndromes are discussed [20].
• Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha)-producing gastric carcinoma with acanthosis nigricans: an endocrine effect of TGF alpha in the pathogenesis of cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome and epithelial hyperplasia of the esophagus [21].

Gene context of Paraneoplastic Syndromes

• When overproduced by tumor cells, PTHrP enters the circulation, giving rise to the common paraneoplastic syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy [22].
• PEX expression, as determined by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, is high in bone and in tumor tissue associated with the paraneoplastic syndrome of renal phosphate wasting [23].
• Given that two cloned paraneoplastic antigens are neuronal RNA-binding proteins and that glial proteins may act as paraneoplastic antigens, the ANOVA product may be a target antigen in one of the undefined human paraneoplastic syndromes [24].
• Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is diagnostically relevant in differentiating malignant from benign lesions, especially in those patients with associated paraneoplastic syndromes, and is the main criterion to select patients suitable for therapy with somatostatin analogs [25].
• There is convincing evidence that RCC tumor cells elaborate proteins that serve as mediators of endocrine (eg, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or erythropoietin) as well as nonendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes [26].

References