Disease relevance of Bruxism

• METHODS: A search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsicINFO databases from 1982 to 2001 was conducted, and the term bruxism and one of the following terms were used: drugs, medicine(s), pharmaceutical, movement disorders, akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, central or autonomic nervous system, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA [1].
• We report two cases of an adverse effect of dyskinesia and bruxism when MPH was given to children maintained on valproic acid [2].
• Manufacturers of SSRIs provided 49 reports of akathisia, 44 of dystonia, 208 of dyskinesia, 76 of tardive dyskinesia, 516 of parkinsonism, and 60 of bruxism [3].
• Subjective symptoms and clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) as well as presence of headache, bruxism and occlusal interferences were examined in 50 patients (mean age 12.9 years) before, during and immediately after orthodontic treatment [4].
• Every day during the 2-week follow-up period, the subjects rated the intensity of their symptoms on 9 VAS scales (occlusal discomfort, chewing difficulties, tender teeth, fatigue in the jaws, headache, facial pain, opening difficulty, bruxism, ear symptoms) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Bruxism

• Patients with severe symptoms attributed to nocturnal bruxism were likely to have more bruxism in REM sleep than the other groups [6].
• Successful electroconvulsive therapy in major depression with fluvoxamine-induced bruxism [7].
• Factors found to correlate significantly with increased occlusal wear were bruxism, biting habits such as pen- and nail-biting, use of an indigenous chewing-stick called miswak, and high intake of fruit juices [8].
• This animal model produces experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that a dysfunctional occlusal relationship may result in bruxism associated with emotional stress [9].
• There were significant effects of family history of COPD, having other systemic disorders or sleep disorders (snoring, bruxism, restless leg syndrome, etc.) and laboratory data of chronic hypoxaemia and airway obstruction on headache co-morbidity [10].

High impact information on Bruxism

• Acute temporomandibular arthritis in a patient with bruxism and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease [11].
• The majority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 also included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst in the control and bruxism groups (100% +/- 0.0% vs 70.7% +/- 16.5%), again probably due to swallowing of saliva [12].
• Citalopram-induced bruxism [13].
• Buspirone as an antidote to SSRI-induced bruxism in 4 cases [14].
• BACKGROUND: One hypothesis to explain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced bruxism states that SSRIs increase extrapyramidal serotonin levels, thereby inhibiting dopaminergic pathways controlling movement [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bruxism

• Can bruxism respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors [15]?
• CASE REPORTS: Four patients, recently started on treatment with the SSRI sertraline, presented with new-onset complaints attributable to SSRI-induced bruxism [14].
• Occlusal disharmonies have classically been thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of bruxism, as have, more recently, alterations in central neurotransmission, particularly dopaminergic neurotransmission [16].
• Activation of this latter structure may partly explain the bruxism (grinding of the jaw) reported by human 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users [17].
• RESULTS: The search yielded complex information referring to the association between bruxism and dopamine-related drugs, antidepressant drugs, sedative and anxiolytic drugs, and drugs of abuse [1].

Biological context of Bruxism

• No sex differences were found between occlusal factors in relation to bruxism [18].
• PURPOSE: Occlusal overload may contribute to the loss of osseointegration of oral implants, so some clinicians are reluctant to place implants in patients with signs of bruxism [19].
• Twenty patients with coma from different causes who displayed bruxism were studied with an attempt to correlate the phenomenon to the level of consciousness, eye movements, respiration, cold caloric test, motor deficits and sleep wake cycles [20].

Anatomical context of Bruxism

• Both complications were relieved after the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol was added, suggesting the involvement of the adrenergic and serotonergic central nervous systems, besides the dopaminergic system, in the pathogenesis of bruxism [21].
• Effect of occlusal splints on the EMG activity of masseter and temporal muscles in bruxism with clinical symptoms [22].
• Tiagabine may reduce bruxism and associated temporomandibular joint pain [23].
• The relationship between occlusal factors and bruxism in permanent and mixed dentition in Turkish children [24].

Gene context of Bruxism

• The objective of this study was to evaluate reported bruxism among children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [25].
• All 4 responded to adjunctive buspirone, a serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist, with relief of bruxism and associated symptoms [14].
• As compared with placebo, 1 mg clonazepam significantly improved the mean bruxism index from 9.3 to 6.3/h of sleep [26].
• Neither cantilever length nor bruxism had a significant effect on peri-implant bone loss [27].
• Hostility in TMD/bruxism patients and controls: a clinical comparison study and preliminary results [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bruxism

• L-Dopa resulted in a significant decrease in the average number of bruxism episodes per hour of sleep, as well as in a significant reduction in the average value of the root-mean-square (RMS) electromyography (EMG) level per bruxism burst [29].
• Thirty (77%) of the prostheses were supported by one or two implants, which were exposed to a combination of cantilever load magnification and bruxism or heavy occlusal forces [30].
• Occlusal splints constructed at three different vertical heights were used to study the influence of vertical dimension in the etiology of bruxism and MPD syndrome [31].
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Orthotic devices are advocated to decrease occlusal attrition caused by bruxism but tend to wear with time [32].
• Managing bruxism and temporomandibular disorders using a centric relation occlusal device [33].

References