Disease relevance of Temporomandibular Joint

• Tyramine conjugation deficit in patients with chronic idiopathic temporomandibular joint and orofacial pain [1].
• Central cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduced IL-1beta-induced hyperalgesia in temporomandibular joint of freely moving rats [2].
• Occlusal abnormality may contribute to osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) [3].
• To determine whether shortened dental arches (SDAs) cause functional overloading of the teeth and the temporomandibular joints, which has been implicated in periodontal diseases and temporomandibular disorders, we investigated the influences of SDA on occlusal and joint loads [4].
• NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression in the synovial membrane of rat temporomandibular joints after induced synovitis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Temporomandibular Joint

• The possible causative factors of the association between sleep apnoea and rheumatoid arthritis include reduction of the size of the upper airway by temporomandibular joint destruction, brainstem compression due to rheumatoid arthritis affecting the cervical spine, sleep fragmentation, and drug effects [6].
• RESULTS: High serum concentrations of serotonin were associated with low TMJ pressure pain thresholds and pain during mandibular movement in the RF+ patients [7].
• Four of the 5 cases reported here indicate that tiagabine might also be remarkably effective in suppressing nocturnal bruxism, trismus, and consequent morning pain in the teeth, masticatory musculature, jaw, and temporomandibular joint areas [8].

High impact information on Temporomandibular Joint

• Temporomandibular joint dislocation mistaken as dystonia [9].
• Jaw muscle responses similar to those evoked by MO application to the TMJ region were achieved with glutamate, NMDA, AMPA, and kainate [10].
• It is possible that peripheral excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors play a role in this effect, because MO-evoked increases in jaw muscle activity are attenuated by preapplication of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 into the TMJ region [10].
• This evidence suggests that both NMDA and non-NMDA EAA receptor types are located within the TMJ region and may contribute to jaw muscle activity that can be reflexively evoked from the TMJ region [10].
• In the present study the EAA receptor agonists glutamate, NMDA, kainate, and AMPA were applied locally to the TMJ region [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Temporomandibular Joint

• In the present study, we investigated the role of central cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways in IL-1beta-induced hyperalgesia with formalin-induced TMJ pain model [2].
• Substance P-associated increase of intra-articular temperature and pain threshold in the arthritic TMJ [11].
• These results suggest that iontophoretic delivery of dexamethasone and lidocaine was effective in improving mandibular function, but not in reducing pain, in temporomandibular disorders patients who had concurrent temporomandibular joint capsulitis and disc displacement without reduction [12].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between synovial fluid, chondroitin sulfate disaccharide and hyaluronic acid to differing degrees of experimental temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) [13].
• Evaluation of glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a randomized double blind controlled 3 month clinical trial [14].

Biological context of Temporomandibular Joint

• Gene microarray analysis provided evidence for changes in gene expression, notably that TNF-alpha and TNF-R1, but not TNF-R2, were significantly elevated in CFA-treated TMJ tissues [15].
• These results support the hypothesis that the Vc/C2 junction region plays a critical role in the integration of pain signals originating from the TMJ region and may underlie sex differences in sensory processing related to TMJ pain [16].
• The pregnant females showed a reduction in nociceptive responses to the TMJ formalin test when compared with those at estrus [17].
• Evaluation of acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders [18].
• Conventional dental treatment involving occlusal surfaces alters this input and consequently alters the coordination of the muscles of mastication and the function of the temporomandibular joints [19].

Anatomical context of Temporomandibular Joint

• METHODS: Homogenates of intact tibial plateau, femoral condyle, and TMJ condyle cartilages from animals of different ages were assessed for gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity by zymography [20].
• Pain and synovial fluid concentration of serotonin in arthritic temporomandibular joints [21].
• Changes in P2X3 receptor expression in the trigeminal ganglion following monoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in rats [22].
• The uptake of horseradish peroxidase in monkey temporomandibular joint synovium after occlusal alteration [23].
• Cartilage explants and chondrocytes, derived from bovine temporomandibular joints (TMJ), were examined for matrix loss and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) following treatment with hyaluronan oligosaccharides (HA(oligos)) [24].

Associations of Temporomandibular Joint with chemical compounds

• RESULTS: Exposure of TMJ fibrochondrocytes to rHuIL-1beta resulted in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which were paralleled by NO and PGE2 production [25].
• METHODS: Twenty-three children ages 4-16 years with JIA and MRI evidence of TMJ inflammation received CT-guided TMJ injections of corticosteroid (triamcinolone acetonide [n = 16] or triamcinolone hexacetonide [n = 7]) [26].
• Temporomandibular joint noises were found in 9 patients, and occlusal changes (12 m mylar strip and wax bite, relative to pretreatment) in 15 [27].
• Temporomandibular joint: value of coronal MR images [28].
• The TMJ injection of formalin significantly increased the asymmetrical orofacial rubbing and head flinching behaviors, but not the movement of the mandible with concentrations of 1.5% and above (P<0.05, Dunn's test) when compared with the NaCl (0.9%) injection [29].

Gene context of Temporomandibular Joint

• These results suggest that the expression of the VEGF/Flt-1 system is involved in angiogenesis in inflamed synovial tissue in the TMJ [30].
• METHODS: Histological sections of TMJ from 3-, 6-, 9- and 18-month-old wild-type (WT) and biglycan/fibromodulin double-deficient (DKO) mice were compared [31].
• Accelerated osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint of biglycan/fibromodulin double-deficient mice [31].
• Administration of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the adjuvant-induced increase in formation of nitrotyrosine and expression of iNOS on both ankle and temporomandibular joints [32].
• PCNA staining was stronger in 3-month-old WT TMJ fibrocartilage than in 3-month-old DKO TMJ fibrocartilage suggesting that chondrocyte proliferation might be impaired in DKOs [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Temporomandibular Joint

• We compared patient morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrography using both meglumine/sodium diatrizoate (60%) and the new monoacidic dimer, Hexabrix, in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 31 patients [33].
• Amino acid release at the Vi/Vc-vl transition region evoked by TMJ-MO also was prevented by prior microinjection of the GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol, into the most caudal portion of Vc suggesting this region acted as a critical relay for nociceptive inputs from the TMJ region [34].
• This animal model will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of the TMJ, and for exploring the mechanisms for aberrant craniofacial growth [35].
• For example, 71% of the WDR and NS neurons excited by electrical stimulation of the TMJ afferents and tested for their responsiveness to injections of algesic chemicals (7% NaCl, KCl, bradykinin, histamine) into the TMJ responded to at least one of these chemicals [36].
• Retrogradely labeled TMJ neurons from ovariectomized rats and ovariectomized rats receiving chronic estrogen replacement were studied using whole cell patch-clamp techniques three days after injecting the TMJ with either saline or Complete Freund's Adjuvant to induce inflammation [37].

References