Disease relevance of Autonomic Nervous System

• Role for autonomic nervous system to increase pancreatic glucagon secretion during marked insulin-induced hypoglycemia in dogs [1].
• Clinically, the prominent sensory and severe autonomic nervous system involvement resembles the Andrade (Portuguese) type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy but is unique in that the age of onset is in the seventh decade in all family members affected to date [2].
• Atypical manifestations of pulmonary toxicity and previously unreported autonomic nervous system dysfunction complicating amiodarone therapy were observed in a patient being treated for sustained ventricular tachycardia [3].
• Pharmacologic modulation of the autonomic nervous system in the prevention of sudden cardiac death. A study with propranolol, methacholine and oxotremorine in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction [4].
• Since the autonomic nervous system influences peripheral circulation, we studied the relationship between autonomic neuropathy and foot transcutaneous oxymetry in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients without peripheral vascular disease [5].

Psychiatry related information on Autonomic Nervous System

• Loss of this neuroprotection after HO inhibition by mutant forms of amyloid precursor protein may mediate neurotoxicity in Familial Alzheimer's Disease. NO and CO both appear to be neurotransmitters in the brain and peripheral autonomic nervous system [6].
• Twenty-three patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) underwent noninvasive investigation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, as did 23 age-matched controls [7].
• Over the last two decades the diagnostic tools used in sleep medicine have developed enormously, making it possible to study the interaction of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) with cardiovascular function and the autonomic nervous system, as well as the effects of SRBD on a variety of physiological processes during wakefulness [8].
• Substance P, an important peptide in the autonomic nervous system, is decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of Rett syndrome [9].
• BACKGROUND: Although panic disorder (PD) is suggestive of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, especially in the cardiovascular autonomic system (CAS), the results in many previous studies are still controversial [10].

High impact information on Autonomic Nervous System

• As CRF is present in the adrenal medulla and the peptide is known to modulate the central activity of the autonomic nervous system, we investigated the possibility that CRF is involved in the regulation of the peripheral autonomic nervous system [11].
• This slow response, unlike other previously known synaptic potentials in the autonomic nervous system, is not mediated by acetylcholine or monoamines [12].
• In this report we present evidence that GABA may also be a neurotransmitter in the vertebrate peripheral autonomic nervous system [13].
• The contribution of the autonomic nervous system to changes of glucagon and insulin secretion during hypoglycemic stress [14].
• Pharmacology of cotransmission in the autonomic nervous system: integrative aspects on amines, neuropeptides, adenosine triphosphate, amino acids and nitric oxide [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Autonomic Nervous System

• However, blockade of either vasopressin or the autonomic nervous system before production of the lesions had no effect on the resulting hypertension, indicating that in the absence of either one of these systems bilateral NTS lesions still result in severe hypertension [16].
• Furthermore, attenuated alpha-amylase stress response might reflect protective processes within the autonomic nervous system during pregnancy, whereas prolonged cortisol recovery during the beginning of second-trimester pregnancy might be associated with the vulnerability to stress-related pregnancy complications during this period of time [17].
• Reduced pressor response to norepinephrine (NE) is present in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and is responsible partly for some of the manifestations of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in these patients [18].
• BACKGROUND: L-type dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been implicated in increased cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension, perhaps due to adverse effects on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function [19].
• Tachycardia to 2CH3-5-HT (as well as to isoproterenol) was modestly inhibited, but never abolished by interruption of the autonomic nervous system with atropine or hexamethonium [20].

Biological context of Autonomic Nervous System

• CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system hyperreactivity, presumably due to CRF hypersecretion, is a persistent consequence of childhood abuse that may contribute to the diathesis for adulthood psychopathological conditions [21].
• Since previous denervation of our subjects with atropine and propranolol totally abolished changes in heart rate and systolic time intervals, the cardiac effects of delta-9-THC appear to be mediated totally via the autonomic nervous system, probably reflecting direct central nervous system stimulation [22].
• As described previously, the regulatory roles played by the autonomic nervous system on blood glucose homeostasis is well documented in comparison with those on fat and protein metabolism [23].
• According to the known role of this gene, a transcription factor expressed during autonomic nervous system development, we have tested the transcriptional activity of WT and mutant PHOX2B expression constructs on the regulatory regions of two target genes, DbetaH and PHOX2A [24].
• We had previously characterized the homeobox gene Phox2a, which is expressed in differentiating neurons of the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system as well as in motor nuclei of the hindbrain [25].

Anatomical context of Autonomic Nervous System

• Involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the in vivo memory to glucose of pancreatic beta cell in rats [26].
• Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by brain peptides in the dog. Role of the autonomic nervous system and gastrin [27].
• Three components of sphincter control have been identified: specialized circular smooth muscle at esophagogastric junction, autonomic nervous system, and probable physiology effects of gastrointestinal hormones, particularly gastrin [28].
• However, hypothesized predictions of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations for suicide attempts and of low autonomic nervous system activity for arrests were not supported thus far [29].
• Role of the autonomic nervous system in the release of rat submandibular gland kallikrein into the circulation [30].

Associations of Autonomic Nervous System with chemical compounds

• The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in sensing luminal contents in the gut by way of hard-wired connections and chemical messengers, such as cholecystokinin (CCK) [31].
• Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system [32].
• Fluoxetine is recommended in preference to tricyclic agents because it has fewer sedative and autonomic nervous system effects [33].
• However, the complex alterations in verapamil pharmacodynamic responses indicate an interaction between direct drug effects and age- and disease-related changes in hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system function [34].
• Thus, we infer that ethanol has a negative inotropic effect which is masked by catecholamines and/or autonomic nervous system discharge [35].

Gene context of Autonomic Nervous System

• Phox2b is necessary for the development of the autonomic nervous system and when absent one of the consequences is that all parasympathetic ganglia fail to form [36].
• The Nhlh1 mutant mouse may thus provide a model to investigate the contribution of the autonomic nervous system to arrhythmogenesis [37].
• These results suggest a postsynaptic role for CNTF in the onset of parasympathetic function in the developing heart and provide new clues to molecular mechanisms directing synapse formation at targets of the autonomic nervous system [38].
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is both a main regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the autonomic nervous system [39].
• Carbon monoxide, formed from HO2, is a putative neurotransmitter in the brain and peripheral autonomic nervous system [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Autonomic Nervous System

• The effect of digoxin on atrioventricular (a-v) conduction was compared in five patients with an intact cardiac autonomic nervous system (Group I) and seven patients who had undergone cardiac transplantation (Group II), in whom we have previously shown the transplanted heart to be completely denervated [41].
• Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate oscillations that were recorded using digital photoplethysmography were used to assess changes in autonomic nervous system activity. h-ANP induced a marked and similar increase in glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids, and a weak increase in insulin plasma levels in lean and obese men [42].
• After autonomic nervous system blockade, isoflurane increased coronary blood flow velocity, but desflurane did not [43].
• One potential explanation for the reported stress ameliorating effect of smoking is that cigarette consumption (nicotine self-administration) may decrease the sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity which is associated with the stress response [44].
• These findings suggest that reperfusion disturbs both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in the heart and that pre-treatment with atropine adversely affects the balance of the autonomic nervous system [45].

References