Disease relevance of Gingival Overgrowth

• Gingival hyperplasia or gingival overgrowth is a common occurrence in patients taking phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers [1].
• Interactive Grand Rounds. Case 3: management of cyclosporine-induced hirsutism and gingival overgrowth in a heart transplant recipient [2].
• The findings from this study would suggest that the basic factor influencing gingival overgrowth is cyclosporin blood concentration, followed by plaque/gingivitis level [3].
• AIM: Here we determined the level of RNA and tissue localization of different integrin subunits in periodontitis and cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth [4].
• Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders presenting as gingival overgrowth in patients immunosuppressed with ciclosporin. A report of two cases [5].

High impact information on Gingival Overgrowth

• Gingival sequestration of amlodipine and amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth [6].
• The mechanism of gingival overgrowth associated with long-term use of nifedipine and of other drugs that affect calcium homoeostasis, such as cyclosporin and phenytoin, is unknown [7].
• Gingival sequestration of nifedipine in nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth [7].
• Various degrees of gingival overgrowth may occur in individuals taking diphenylhydantoin, a drug used widely in the treatment of epilepsy [8].
• In addition, reduced cathepsin-L activity may play an important role in inducing drug-induced gingival overgrowth [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gingival Overgrowth

• Risk factors in the development of cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth [10].
• Alpha 2 integrin +807 polymorphism in drug-induced gingival overgrowth [11].
• The use of azithromycin for cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth [12].
• Combined treatment with CsA and DHP did not significantly increase the prevalence of gingival overgrowth, but it did increase the severity of it among susceptible patients [13].
• Administration of tranilast may thus be clinically effective for the treatment of gingival overgrowth [14].

Biological context of Gingival Overgrowth

• Thus, the increase in cell growth that occurs in drug-induced gingival overgrowth may be mediated by over-expression of cyclin B1 [15].
• Logistic regression analysis indicated that for codon 25 independent predictors of severe gingival overgrowth were the heterozygous arginine/proline genotype (P= 0.009) and whether the individual was young (P= 0.05) [16].
• Therefore, CsA may upregulate TGF-beta1 and VEGF gene expression and protein secretion in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth [17].
• Upregulation of keratinocyte growth factor in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth [18].
• Apoptosis in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth: a histological study [19].

Anatomical context of Gingival Overgrowth

• The effects of nifedipine on the death and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of gingival overgrowth that is associated with chronic administration of Ca2+ channel blockers [20].
• A quantitative analysis of connective tissue components in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children. A stereological study [21].
• Cyclosporin A regulates interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 expression in gingiva: implications for gingival overgrowth [22].
• Mitotic activity of keratinocytes in nifedipine- and immunosuppressive medication-induced gingival overgrowth [23].
• Density of CD1a-labeled Langerhans' cells in normal human gingiva and in nifedipine- and immunosuppressive medication-induced gingival overgrowth [24].

Gene context of Gingival Overgrowth

• TGF-beta isoforms and TGF-beta receptors in drug-induced and hereditary gingival overgrowth [25].
• This study assesses for the presence and localization of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in drug-induced gingival overgrowth tissues [26].
• We suggest that CsA could upregulate gene and protein expression of EGF and EGF-R, and the upregulation may play a role in gingival overgrowth [27].
• Decreased expressions of thrombospondin 2 in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth [28].
• CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicate alterations in GCF t-PA and PAI-2 levels in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth and might suggest involvement of the plasminogen activating system in the pathogenesis of this side-effect of CsA therapy [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gingival Overgrowth

• CONCLUSIONS: Gingival overgrowth occurs in most pediatric heart and heart-lung transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and is most severe in the younger patients [30].
• In addition, reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction analysis of gingival overgrowth tissues showed markedly elevated transcription of the cyclin B1 gene [15].
• Organ transplant patients are at risk of developing gingival overgrowth, with approximately 25% medicated with cyclosporin alone requiring corrective gingival surgery [31].
• Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth: a community-based cross-sectional study in Ferrara, Italy [32].
• A case of severe gingival overgrowth secondary to cyclosporine therapy in a 19-year-old black male who received a liver allograft transplant is reported [33].

References