Disease relevance of Transplants

• Undifferentiated cell transplant techniques appear effective in treating leg ulcers, vitiligo [1].
• METHODS: Adenovirus encoding beta-galactosidase was injected intravenously in lethally irradiated B6D2F1 mice that had received syngeneic B6D2F1 bone marrow and spleen cell transplants, in athymic mice, in mice treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, or in normal mice [2].
• FTY720, a promising immunosuppressant for use in patients with tissue transplants and autoimmune diseases, is currently in clinical trials [3].
• Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) disease occurs in 30% of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients who had a history of VZV infection [4].
• BK DNA viral load in plasma: evidence for an association with hemorrhagic cystitis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients [5].

Psychiatry related information on Transplants

• Fetal striatal tissue transplants have been shown to restore motor deficits in rat and monkey models of Huntington's disease (HD) [6].
• Lithium (Li) is an invaluable drug for the treatment of manic disorders in organ transplant patients [7].
• Procedures in immunosuppressed patients who received midazolam consisted of stem cell transplant (34), solid organ transplant (25), chemotherapy (33), HIV with drug abuse (10), HIV (5), prednisone (17) and immunosuppression for other diseases (12) [8].

High impact information on Transplants

• Genetic approaches aiming to increase normal beta-globin expression in the progeny of autologous haematopoietic stem cells might circumvent the limitations and risks of allogeneic cell transplants [9].
• The male-specific transplantation antigen, H-Y, causes rejection of male tissue grafts by genotypically identical female mice and contributes to the rejection of human leukocyte antigen-matched male organ grafts by human females [10].
• Cyclosporin A, a potent immunosuppressive agent, has been widely used to treat patients with solid organ transplants [11].
• Use of this drug in cardiac and other organ transplant recipients should be accompanied by close surveillance of creatine kinase, hepatic transaminases, and cyclosporine levels [12].
• Taken together our results demonstrate that FasL expression on the cornea is a major factor in corneal allograft survival and, thus, we provide an explanation for one of the most successful tissue transplants performed in humans [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Transplants

• Our results also suggest that prolonged exposure to CsA may result in chronically creatine-depleted muscle, which may be a cause for the development of CsA-associated clinical myopathies in organ transplant patients [14].
• The reported side effects of cyclosporine in organ transplant recipients have included nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, infections, lymphoma, hirsutism, gingivitis, and central nervous system toxicity [15].
• Failure of high-dose oral acyclovir with or without immune globulin to prevent primary cytomegalovirus disease in recipients of solid organ transplants [16].
• Patients with chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia for neoplastic diseases and those receiving cyclosporin A plus corticosteroids for prevention and treatment of organ transplant rejection are two immunologically distinct patient populations with high risks for development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis [17].
• When cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) is used for hematopoietic cell transplant, the increased area under the curve of carboxyethylphosphoramide mustard (AUC(CEPM)) is related to liver toxicity and death [18].

Biological context of Transplants

• Short course of CD4/CD8 monoclonal antibody can be used to guide the immune system of experimental animals to accept organ grafts and to arrest autoimmunity [19].
• Therapeutic benefits of calcium channel blockers in cyclosporine-treated organ transplant recipients: blood pressure control and immunosuppression [20].
• Here we used cell transplants and explant cultures to investigate the role of Pax6 in cell adhesion [21].
• ZAP-70 upregulation in transformed B cells after early pre-BI cell transplant into NOD/SCID mice [22].
• In rejecting graft tissue, there was a progressive decrease in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 alpha from the time of grafting, which was accompanied by a rise in the levels of prostacyclin (PGI2, measured as its stable hydrolysis product 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2, measured as its stable hydrolysis product TxB2) [23].

Anatomical context of Transplants

• This finding provides a strong rationale to improve thymopoiesis in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplants and, perhaps, in other persons lacking de novo-generated CD4 T cells, such as AIDS patients and elderly persons [24].
• Because MSI occurs infrequently in de novo AML, we conclude that the selective proliferation of MMR-defective, azathioprine-resistant myeloid cells may contribute significantly to the development of AML/MDS in patients who have received organ transplants [25].
• These results indicate the potent regulatory properties of IFN-gamma during acute rejection directed at neutrophil infiltration into allografts and mediating graft tissue necrosis [26].
• We have previously shown that de novo-induced endothelial sialyl Lewis x (sLex) expression guides lymphocytes in an L-selectin-dependent manner to sites of acute organ transplant rejections [27].
• A barrier, formed by Müller cell processes, develops after photoreceptor degeneration in both normal and rd mouse retina and demarcates host from transplant tissue [28].

Associations of Transplants with chemical compounds

• In a second series of experiments, addition of lazaroids to dissociated mesencephalic graft tissue increased the yield of surviving rat dopamine neurons 2.6-fold after implantation in the dopamine-denervated rat striatum [29].
• We hypothesized that the antioxidant bucillamine, a potent sulfhydryl donor, would protect against I/R injury in high-risk organ transplants [30].
• They contained striatum-like patches with neurons expressing many of the neurochemicals characteristic of striatum (ACh, ChAT, calbindin-D28KD, met-enkephalin, and dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein-32,000 or DARPP-32), and these patches were surrounded by graft tissue expressing few of these striatal markers [31].
• When routes of cell transplant and treatment were different, no therapeutic advantage of DNM:DNA over DNM was seen [32].
• The preclinical and clinical characterization of Brequinar sodium has demonstrated the potential for the use of this drug as a component of a polytherapeutic treatment strategy to prevent the rejection of organ grafts [33].

Gene context of Transplants

• Tissue transplants demonstrate that fgf3 activity is specifically required in the endodermal pouches [34].
• However, the role of TNF-R1-mediated signaling in solid organ transplant rejection has not been defined [35].
• Compounds 4ad and 4ae are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prevention of chronic organ transplant rejection, respectively [36].
• TNF-alpha, anti-IL-1, and anti-IL-6 treatment induced a marked decrease in the epidermal thickness and LI of psoriatic graft tissue, correcting the hyperproliferation associated with psoriatic epidermis [37].
• Since previous studies have reported that cyclosporin (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent used in organ transplant patients, affects the binding of PRL to T and B lymphocytes, but not to rabbit mammary gland cells, we investigated whether this compound could alter the binding of the hormone to LGL [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Transplants

• PR patterning was also altered in PrlR(null) mice, as well as in mammary tissue transplants from both PrlR(null) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 5a/b-deficient mice, with concomitant defects in hormone-induced proliferation [39].
• Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)-type human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA have been detected by PCR in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) from both organ transplant recipients (OTR) and immunocompetent individuals [40].
• Pharmacokinetic profile of ganciclovir after its oral administration and from its prodrug, valganciclovir, in solid organ transplant recipients [41].
• In a second experiment, serum progesterone in ovariectomized-adrenalectomized rats with autotransplants was also elevated (4 to 6 ng/ml) compared to controls without cell transplants in which progesterone was about 0.1 ng/ml [42].
• Control bladder tissue was obtained from 8 children with primary vesicoureteral reflux undergoing ureteral reimplantation and 1 child at the time of organ transplant harvesting [43].

References