Disease relevance of Gingival Hyperplasia

• Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia are more common with cyclosporin [1].
• Hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, and neurological and gastrointestinal effects are the most common adverse events in cyclosporin recipients, but are usually mild to moderate and resolve on dosage reduction [2].
• These are the first two reported cases of cyclosporine-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders presenting as gingival hyperplasia [3].
• Higher incidences of elevated serum creatinine, tremor, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, and angina pectoris were reported in the tacrolimus treatment group, whereas acne, arrhythmia, gingival hyperplasia, and hirsutism were more frequent with cyclosporine treatment [4].
• Kaposi's sarcoma in cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia [5].

High impact information on Gingival Hyperplasia

• Images in clinical medicine. Gingival hyperplasia induced by phenytoin [6].
• Improvement in cyclosporine-associated gingival hyperplasia with azithromycin therapy [7].
• Clinical adverse effects were noted in three (4%) patients on phenobarbital and 67 (43%) of those on phenytoin (mainly in the form of gingival hyperplasia) [8].
• Cyclosporin, nifedipine, and gingival hyperplasia [9].
• MDR1 gene polymorphisms and risk of gingival hyperplasia induced by calcium antagonists [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gingival Hyperplasia

• Comment on "Efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients" by Nash and Zaltzman [11].
• Mean gingival hyperplasia index decreased from 24 to 6; mean total cholesterol decreased from 237 to 195 [12].
• Gingival hyperplasia due to sodium valproate [13].
• Verapamil-induced gingival hyperplasia in children [14].
• Clarithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporin-associated gingival hyperplasia [15].

Biological context of Gingival Hyperplasia

• Although KGF has been implicated in a number of hyperplastic pathologies, it has not previously been investigated in gingival hyperplasia (GH), an adverse side-effect of three pharmacologically different types of drugs, including the anti-hypertensive drug nifedipine (NIF) [16].
• Immunolocalizaiton of c-Myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogene products in gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine and phenytoin [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: The results of our present study indicate that the synergistic overexpression of c-Myc and bcl-2 oncoprotein may be related to the pathogenesis of gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine and phenytoin, especially to the morphogenesis of hyperplastic epithelia [17].
• Side effects of phenytoin include sedation, a cerebellar syndrome, phenytoin encephalopathy, psychosis, locomotor dysfunction, hyperkinesia, megaloblastic anemia, decreased serum folate level, decreased bone mineral content, liver disease, IgA deficiency, gingival hyperplasia, and a lupus-like hypersensitivity syndrome [18].

Anatomical context of Gingival Hyperplasia

• Keratinocyte growth factor receptor is up-regulated in cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia [19].
• Manifestations include absence of lower limbs, unilateral ectrodactyly, facial anomalies, gingival hyperplasia, feeding problems, and atrial septal defect [20].
• Effect of cell donor age on the synthetic properties of fibroblasts obtained from phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia [21].
• On the relation of nitric oxide to nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia and impaired submandibular glands function in rats in vivo [22].
• A case of human papillomavirus-associated condyloma acuminatum in the oral cavity, presumed to be fulminant cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia, is reported in a 55-year-old cardiac transplant patient [23].

Gene context of Gingival Hyperplasia

• Immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor beta, basic fibroblast growth factor and heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan in gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine and phenytoin [24].
• Expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen in gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine and phenytoin [25].
• The results suggest that the increased synthesis of TGF beta, bFGF, their receptors and HSGAG may be related to the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia [24].
• BACKGROUND: Severe gingival hyperplasia (GH) is one of the most frequent side-effects associated with the prescription of cyclosporine-A (CsA) [26].
• Using immunohistochemistry and the reverse-transcribed polymerase chain-reaction, we obtained results which showed that receptor antigen and gene transcript levels were both elevated in gingival hyperplasia tissue [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gingival Hyperplasia

• Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive agent widely used in organ transplantation, has several undesirable side effects, including gingival hyperplasia, which occurs in up to 70% of patients [3].
• Periodontic/orthodontic management of diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia: case report [27].
• Evidence supporting the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in solid organ transplant recipients was searched for, identified, and then critically assessed [28].
• We present the cases of two heart transplant patients who insidiously developed gingival hyperplasia, likely because of immunosuppression with cyclosporine, which was treated with azithromycin [28].
• We therefore assessed the oral status of 45 children on CSA after renal transplantation and evaluated the effects of metronidazole treatment in children with high-grade gingival hyperplasia [29].

References