Disease relevance of Malus

• Induction of apoptosis by three types of procyanidin isolated from apple (Rosaceae Malus pumila) in human stomach cancer KATO III cells [1].

High impact information on Malus

• Here, we describe the isolation of MdPin1, a Pin1 homologue from the plant species apple (Malus domestica) and show that it has the same phosphorylation-specific substrate specificity and can be inhibited by juglone in vitro, as is the case for Pin1 [2].
• Plant-based heterologous expression of Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like protein and allergen of apple (Malus domestica), and its characterization as an antifungal protein [3].
• cDNA fragments corresponding to an apple (Malus domestica [L.] Borkh) calmodulin-binding polypeptide have been isolated and characterized [4].
• Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the precursor of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit from Malus [5].
• Sorbitol is a primary end-product of photosynthesis in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and many other tree fruit species of the Rosaceae family [6].

Biological context of Malus

• A full-length cDNA clone encoding apple (Malus domesticus) polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was isolated from a fruit peel cDNA library [7].
• Three cDNAs (MdSPDS1, 2a and 2b) encoding spermidine synthase (SPDS), a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis, have been cloned from apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. The deduced amino acid sequences of their protein products share 76-83% identity with SPDSs of other higher plants [8].

Anatomical context of Malus

• Abscisic acid (ABA) specific-binding sites localized in the cytosol were identified and characterized in the flesh of developing apple (Malus pumila L. cv. Starkrimon) fruit [9].
• The effect of resveratrol and its glucoside trans-resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranosid (piceid) against Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab, was evaluated using a newly established test based on enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes (CMs) from apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves [10].
• Extracts from immature fruit of the apple (Rosaceae, Malus sp.), which contain procyanidins (polymers of catechins) as the major ingredients, are known to inhibit histamine release from mast cells [11].

Associations of Malus with chemical compounds

• The enzyme which converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) into ethylene, ACC oxidase, has been isolated from apple fruits (Malus x domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious), and for the first time stabilized in vitro by 1,10-phenanthroline and purified 170-fold to homogeneity in a five-step procedure [12].
• A leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRPKm1) gene is induced in Malus x domestica by Venturia inaequalis infection and salicylic acid treatment [13].
• Three cDNAs with high homology to spermine (Spm) synthases in Arabidopsis were isolated from apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. MdACL5-1 and MdACL5-2 have high homology with ACL5 and MdSPMS has high homology with AtSPMS [14].
• Molecular cloning, substrate specificity of the functionally expressed dihydroflavonol 4-reductases from Malus domestica and Pyrus communis cultivars and the consequences for flavonoid metabolism [15].
• The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) gene is a member of the ACS gene family that is involved in apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit ripening [16].

Gene context of Malus

• Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous and methanol extracts of Malus x kornicensis and Malus x Indian Summer yielded (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), cyanidin-3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (3), and amygdalin (4) [17].
• Apple (Malus domestica [L.] Borkh) cDNA clones encoding two distinct but very similar kn1-like homeobox gene class 1 homologues (KNAP1 and KNAP2) were isolated using a fragment amplified with degenerated primers as a probe [18].
• Biochemical characterization of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from apple (Malus domestica) leaves [19].
• Cloning and sequencing of Mal d 1, the major allergen from apple (Malus domestica), and its immunological relationship to Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen [20].
• Determining the potential to breed for enhanced antioxidant status in Malus: mean inter- and intravarietal fruit vitamin C and glutathione contents at harvest and their evolution during storage [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Malus

• A ribonuclease inhibitory activity was detected in the fruits of common apple, Malus x domestica, cv. Fuji, and purified by affinity chromatography on ribonuclease A-Sepharose [22].

References