Disease relevance of Diet, Mediterranean

• CONCLUSION: Substituting walnuts for part of the mono-unsaturated fat in a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet further reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels in men and women with hypercholesterolemia [1].
• In addition, preliminary results so far obtained reveal an unequivocal trend towards weight loss, a strong reduction in cholesterol levels, and a psychophysical feeling of well-being by women adopting the Mediterranean diet [2].
• CONCLUSION: Body weight reduction did not significantly contribute to the improvement in rheumatoid arthritis when eating lacto-vegetarian, vegan or Mediterranean diets [3].
• BACKGROUND: The "Mediterranean" diet and statin treatment have both independently been shown to improve survival and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), but no studies have evaluated the effect of this combination on endothelial function [4].

High impact information on Diet, Mediterranean

• Wine ethanol, platelets, and Mediterranean diet [5].
• An alpha-linolenic acid-rich Mediterranean diet seems to be more efficient than presently used diets in the secondary prevention of coronary events and death [6].
• In addition, levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and P-selectin decreased during the NCEP-1 and Mediterranean diets [7].
• OBJECTIVES: We studied the effect of the Mediterranean diet on plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell counts, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, amyloid A, fibrinogen, and homocysteine [8].
• We investigated the effects of a diet enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (Mediterranean diet) and a low fat, high-carbohydrate diet on in vivo and in vitro glucose metabolism in 59 young subjects (30 men and 29 women) [9].

Biological context of Diet, Mediterranean

• CONCLUSIONS: An excess of energy intake, particularly from refined bread and pasta, can be an unfavourable feature of the Mediterranean diet, in the presence of a sedentary lifestyle [10].
• The Mediterranean diet is able to modulate oxidative stress through complex mechanisms and not just the high antioxidant compound content [11].
• Thus, the advantages of the Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil and fish on atherosclerosis may be due to the modulation of the cellular oxidative stress/antioxidant status, the modification of lipoproteins and the down-regulation of inflammatory mediators [12].
• The results presented support the following conclusions: a high fat diet induces oxidative stress; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables enhances antioxidant defenses; wine supplementation to a high fat or a Mediterranean diet increases plasma antioxidant capacity, decreases oxidative DNA damage, and normalizes endothelial function [13].

Anatomical context of Diet, Mediterranean

• Diabetes and the Mediterranean diet: a beneficial effect of oleic acid on insulin sensitivity, adipocyte glucose transport and endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity [14].
• The Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of coronary artery disease as a consequence of its high content of antioxidants, namely, hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein aglycone (OleA), typical of virgin olive oil [15].
• CONCLUSIONS: High carbohydrate and Mediterranean diets reduce the expression of TF in circulating monocytes [16].
• CONCLUSION: Dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and statin treatment improve FMD in the brachial artery in patients with IHD and hypercholesterolemia to a greater degree than statin treatment alone [4].

Associations of Diet, Mediterranean with chemical compounds

• INTERVENTION: A cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a diet of similar energy and fat content in which walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat [1].
• It is likely that certain nutriments characteristic of the Mediterranean diet (omega-3 fatty acids, oleic acid antioxidant vitamins) have specific cardioprotective effects [17].
• Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, carotenoids, folic acid, and fiber, all abundant in the Mediterranean diet, appear to play important roles in prevention of these diseases [18].
• We found that women from Granada (Spain), a region with a typically Mediterranean diet, had significantly higher levels of 8-oxodGuo compared with Malmö (Sweden), a region with a Northern European dietary intake pattern (2.30 +/- 0.78 versus 1.59 +/- 1.01 8-oxodGuo/10(-6) deoxyguanosine) [19].
• Catechin in the Mediterranean diet: vegetable, fruit or wine [20]?

Gene context of Diet, Mediterranean

• PC1 was strongly positively associated with an a priori Mediterranean-diet score [21].
• OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of the interaction between adoption of a Mediterranean diet and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) 677C-->T mutation on homocysteine concentrations in healthy adults participating in the ATTICA study [22].
• The association between VCAM-1 and the Mediterranean-diet score had an adjusted beta coefficient of -35.1 ng/ml (95% coefficient interval, CI: -63.5 to -6.7) [23].
• BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet, containing olive oil, pasta, fruits, vegetables, fish, and wine, is associated with an unexpectedly low rate of cardiovascular events [24].
• Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with total antioxidant capacity in healthy adults: the ATTICA study [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diet, Mediterranean

• This study was designed to test whether cholesterol-lowering diets adversely affect mood and cognitive function.5.2 mM [198 mg/dL]) to either a low-fat diet, a Mediterranean diet, or a waiting-list control [26].
• The Mediterranean diet is a non-strict vegetarian diet rich in oleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, fibre, B-group vitamins and various antioxidants but low in saturated and polyunsaturated fats [27].
• Fibers in the Mediterranean diet. An epidemiological study of the Campania Region [28].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: To test the hypothesis that walnut intake will reverse endothelial dysfunction, we randomized in a crossover design 21 hypercholesterolemic men and women to a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a diet of similar energy and fat content in which walnuts replaced approximately 32% of the energy from monounsaturated fat [29].

References