Disease relevance of Brachial Artery

• To study the mechanisms by which propranolol suppresses essential tremor, accelerometric recordings were made from four normal subjects and eight patients with that tremor, and small amounts of isoproterenol and propranolol were infused intravenously or into one brachial artery [1].
• The lumen diameter of the brachial artery was measured in this patient and in healthy controls at rest, during reactive hyperemia (endothelium-dependent vasodilation [EDV]), and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration (endothelium-independent vasodilation [EIV]) using ultrasonography [2].
• Vascular reactivity was examined in 22 OLT patients, 10 with and 12 without arterial hypertension, and in 10 control subjects by assessing the forearm blood flow response to the brachial artery infusion of increasing concentrations of methacholine chloride, sodium nitroprusside, and phenylephrine [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Combined vitamin E and simvastatin therapy leads to an improvement of FMD and NMD in the brachial artery of patients with hypercholesterolemia [4].
• We evaluated endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced dilation of the brachial artery with Doppler ultrasound in 28 men with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 12 men without OSA [5].

Psychiatry related information on Brachial Artery

• At the end of each period of FMD and glyceryl trinitrate-induced brachial artery dilatation, blood pressure, plasma lipids, homocysteine and biomarkers of alcohol consumption (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and endothelial function (E-selectin, von Willebrand factor, endothelin-1) were assessed [6].

High impact information on Brachial Artery

• Nitrite infusions of 36 and 0.36 micromol/min into the forearm brachial artery resulted in supra- and near-physiologic intravascular nitrite concentrations, respectively, and increased forearm blood flow before and during exercise, with or without NO synthase inhibition [7].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brachial artery flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) and glyceryl trinitrate-induced (endothelium-independent) dilatation were compared between previously preeclamptic women and controls [8].
• Effect of antioxidant vitamins on the transient impairment of endothelium-dependent brachial artery vasoactivity following a single high-fat meal [9].
• The partial genetic deficiency in TK activity is associated with an inward remodeling of the brachial artery, which is not adapted to a chronic increase in wall shear stress, indicating a new form of arterial dysfunction affecting 5-7% of white people [10].
• Therefore, L-mono-methyl-arginine to inhibit basal nitric oxide activity, serotonin to stimulate nitric oxide activity, and nitroprusside as endothelium-independent vasodilator were infused in the brachial artery of 13 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and 13 matched controls [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Brachial Artery

• During estradiol therapy, reactive hyperemia caused an 11.1+/-1.0% change in brachial artery diameter compared with 4 [12].
• The effect on large arteries of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril was studied in men with sustained essential hypertension with two different hemodynamic parameters: (1) systemic arterial compliance and (2) brachial artery diameter [13].
• The effect of captopril on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics in relation to plasma renin activity (PRA) was assessed together with the vasodilator responses to brachial artery infusions of bradykinin (BK) and sodium nitroprusside (NP) before and after 4 wk of therapy with doses of up to 450 mg/day in patients with essential hypertension [14].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular function was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate-mediated dilation in the brachial artery (diameter change during hand hyperemia and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate administration, respectively) [15].
• Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and forearm postischemic reactive hyperemia were measured before and after sildenafil 50 mg, isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg, and placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study (n = 11) [16].

Biological context of Brachial Artery

• To determine whether epinephrine facilitates neurogenic vasoconstriction in humans, we contrasted forearm vasoconstrictor responses to a reflex stimulus (lower body negative pressure [LBNP]) and to intraarterial NE before, during, and 30 min after infusion of epinephrine (50 ng/min) or isoproterenol (10 or 25 ng/min) into a brachial artery [17].
• Infusions of propranolol to the contralateral brachial artery that did not affect baseline values of heart rate, arterial pressure, or the local reflex regulation of FMVR reversed the abnormal vasodilator response to upright tilt as FMVR increased by 42 +/- 12% (p less than .02) [18].
• Studies included brachial artery blood pressure (BP), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), B-mode ultrasonography and wave form analysis of the common carotid artery (CCA), with its conversion to the aortic wave formin [19].
• The arterial vasodilator properties of cimetidine were demonstrated in 12 normal volunteers in whom brachial artery cimetidine infusions caused a significant decrease of forearm vascular resistance [20].
• PCR or allele-specific oligonucleotide probes were used to analyse ApoE genotypes, and high resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperaemia and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate [21].

Anatomical context of Brachial Artery

• In 16 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery, we inserted coronary sinus and Swan-Ganz catheters, and a central aortic catheter via the brachial artery, before induction of anesthesia with either morphine (2 mg/kg) or halothane, chosen in random order [22].
• Contribution of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle to in vivo human brachial artery wall stress and elastic modulus [23].
• Plasma concentrations of 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OH-Chol) in the internal jugular vein and the brachial artery in healthy volunteers were consistent with a net flux of this steroid from the brain into the circulation, corresponding to elimination of approximately 4 mg cholesterol during a 24-h period in adults [24].
• High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography with automated off-line analysis was used to measure the intima-medial thickness in the common carotid artery and to measure the lumen diameter of the brachial artery at rest, during reactive hyperemia, and after sublingual nitroglycerine [25].
• METHODS: We studied the vascular properties of 41 HH patients who had homozygosity for the C282Y mutation, along with 51 age-matched control subjects, by determination of endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) of the brachial artery and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery [26].

Associations of Brachial Artery with chemical compounds

• After the 4-h sample period, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) was infused into the brachial artery for 2 h to bring flow back to baseline and repeat samples were taken (6 h) [27].
• Unlabeled D-mannitol (a nontransportable molecule) and radioactive 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (the reference molecular probe to assess glucose transport activity) were simultaneously injected into the brachial artery, and the washout curves were measured in the deep venous effluent blood [28].
• Infusion of NO (36 micromol/min) into the brachial artery increased levels of plasma nitroso species, nitrite, and nitrate in the draining antecubital vein (by < 2-fold, 30-fold, and 4-fold, respectively), indicative of oxidative and nitrosative chemistry [29].
• In a subgroup of 10 subjects the brachial artery was cannulated to infuse adenosine (0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, and 50 micrograms/100 ml forearm per min) before and after intravenous injection of 0.5 mg draflazine [30].
• Subsequently, isoosmolar CaCl2 solution was infused into the same brachial artery at a rate of 0.09 meq/min, and then, with a 2.5 +/- 0.2-mg/dl increase in ipsilateral venous serum calcium concentrations the incremental responses of both FBF and plasma cyclic GMP to alpha hANP were severely blunted [31].

Gene context of Brachial Artery

• Big ET-1 was infused into the brachial artery of nine patients with atherosclerosis and nine healthy controls [32].
• METHODS: On two separate occasions, ADM (1-30 pmol x min(-1)) and PAMP (100-3000 pmol x min(-1)) were infused into the brachial artery of eight male subjects, and forearm blood flow (FBF) assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography [33].
• METHODS: The selective ET-A receptor blocker BQ-123 (10 and 50 nmol/min) was infused into the brachial artery, alone or in combination with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) (2 and 4 micromol/min) in 10 lung transplant recipients without pharmacologically treated hypertension and 8 healthy controls [34].
• LPL concentration and activity were analyzed, and endothelial function was evaluated noninvasively as flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery [35].
• Infusions of PYY into the brachial artery at 5 pmol/min decreased local vasodilation induced by VIP infused at 2 pmol/min at the same site by 40% (P < 0.01), even though this dose of PYY had no significant effect on local blood flow when given alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[36]

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Brachial Artery

• We performed euglycemic insulin clamp studies in combination with the forearm balance technique (brachial artery and deep forearm vein catheterization) in six nonobese NIDDM patients and five age- and weight-matched controls [28].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Forearm blood flow in response to infusion of increasing dosages of furosemide into the brachial artery was recorded by venous occlusion plethysmography [37].
• We investigated the effect of local intra-arterial infusion of Ang II into the brachial artery of healthy volunteers during blockade of postsynaptic alpha-receptors with phentolamine [38].
• When coronary arteriography was repeated following injection of atropine into the brachial artery, no forearm vasodilation occurred [39].
• METHODS: We evaluated the acute effects of oral glucose loading (75 g), alone and with vitamins C (2 g) and E (800 IU), on endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 10 healthy volunteers [40].

References