Disease relevance of Nomograms

• In a previous study, other investigators recommended second-look surgery for colorectal cancer primarily on the basis of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) rises and prepared a nomogram for ready recognition of these "significant" increases [1].
• Use of the Rumack-Matthew nomogram in cases of extended-release acetaminophen toxicity [2].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an intravenous heparin dosing nomogram based on body weight achieves therapeutic anticoagulation more rapidly than a "standard care" nomogram [3].
• The nomogram adds new markers to the standard clinical predictors that reflect the biologic behavior of prostate cancer: pretreatment plasma levels of interleukin-6 soluble receptor (IL6SR) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: The use of a heparin nomogram provided improved anticoagulation in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction [5].

High impact information on Nomograms

• Acetaminophen treatment nomogram [6].
• Thirteen patients (21%) could not be scored because their initial creatinine clearances exceeded the upper limit of the nomogram [7].
• Gentamicin dosing errors with four commonly used nomograms [8].
• The use of the CEA nomogram merely eliminated laboratory variation as a cause of the CEA rise [1].
• Ifosfamide/mesna nomogram and serum albumin [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nomograms

• A nomogram comparing the plasma aldosterone concentration with the aldosterone to renin ratio clearly separated primary aldosteronism patients from EH patients [10].
• Equations are derived to predict endogenous creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentrations, and a nomogram is presented for determining relative renal function from serum creatinine concentrations, which take into account the age, sex and body weight of the individual patient [11].
• A nomogram was constructed which related plasma beta 2 microglobulin concentrations and body weight to predicted gentamicin peak serum concentrations [12].
• Because formulas for theophylline requirement based on weight alone carry the risk of overdosing and toxicity, this study was designed to test a clearance nomogram for determining daily theophylline requirement after a known initial dose of theophylline [13].
• CONCLUSION: Use of an insulin nomogram in critically ill patients improves control of blood glucose concentrations and is safe [14].

Biological context of Nomograms

• Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values were monitored every 6 hours, and heparin dose adjustments were determined by the nomograms [3].
• Using published nomogram standards for serum 17-OHP response to ACTH, no child with precocious adrenarche was diagnosed as having nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency [15].
• Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin: Dosage nomogram for patients with impaired renal function [16].
• With the exception of standard decontamination measures, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) if any acetaminophen level was above the treatment line of the Rumack-Matthew nomogram, and additional acetaminophen determinations, no interventions were recommended [17].
• We compared the data of different series, and when it was feasible from intrinsic features of a particular study, urodynamic results were plotted on the ICS Provisional Nomogram [18].

Anatomical context of Nomograms

• A nomogram is provided that allows the easy calculation of the probability of an HIV-infected person developing AIDS in 36 months depending on prevalent levels of CD4 lymphocytes and serum beta 2M [19].
• A new method of measuring aqueous humor flow and corneal endothelial permeability to fluorescein using a fluorophotometry nomogram is described [20].
• We propose 2 simple equations and nomograms that should allow more accurate prediction of creatinine clearance in spinal cord injury patients [21].
• The nomogram is designed for counselling patients with borderline amniotic fluid AFP results, who on average are only marginally at risk of having a fetus with open spina bifida [22].

Associations of Nomograms with chemical compounds

• Letter: Phenytoin dosage nomogram [23].
• Ifosfamide/mesna nomogram and serum albumin [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: The weight-based heparin nomogram is widely generalizable and has proved to be effective, safe, and superior to one based on standard practice [3].
• Subsequent doses of warfarin were administered on the basis of dosing nomograms [25].
• Intravenous theophylline therapy: nomogram guidelines [26].

Gene context of Nomograms

• The peak interleukin 8 level was greater in patients at high risk by the nomogram combined with those presenting at >15 hours, as compared with other patients (Mann-Whitney U test, P <.01) [27].
• The spectral sensitivity of CBA/J-rd/rd mice clearly fitted to the Dartnall nomogram for a retinal(1)-based pigment with a maximum at 480 nm, while the best fitted nomogram had a maximum at 500 nm in CBA/N- +/+ mice [28].
• Partial deficiency of 21-hydroxylase was assumed in 6 patients who showed an exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to ACTH, with a peak value of more than 10 ng/mL (> 30 nmol/L), according to New's nomogram [29].
• A nomogram can be used to impute ESR values from CRP or PV values; use of the imputed ESR values is as accurate as use of the actual ESR values to calculate average DAS [30].
• A nomogram to predict C282Y hemochromatosis [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nomograms

• RESULTS: The pCR nomogram based on clinical stage, estrogen receptor status, histologic grade, and number of preoperative chemotherapy cycles had good discrimination and calibration in the training and the anthracycline-treated validation sets (concordance indices, 0.77, 0.79) [32].
• PURPOSE: The Kattan preoperative nomogram combines preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA), biopsy Gleason grade and clinical stage to estimate disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy [33].
• A nomogram approach to hemodialysis urea modeling [34].
• Data from 4,193 men from Montreal, Canada were used to develop a nomogram based on age, digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum PSA [35].
• Validation of these findings in larger data sets using the methodology described may improve the predictability of current LASIK nomograms, particularly in eyes with high myopia [36].

References