Disease relevance of Diet Therapy

• Diet therapy of similar mean duration resulted in similar percentage weight loss (mean percentage of original weight +/- SEM) in diabetic (13.6 +/- 1.6%), glucose intolerant (16.4 +/- 3.3%) and obese non-diabetic (11.0 +/- 1.0%) subjects [1].
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--The subjects were 76 patients with well-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with diet therapy only (diet, n = 17), oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA, n = 28), conventional insulin therapy (CIT, n = 16), or multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT, n = 15) [2].
• Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia [3].
• Daily walking combined with diet therapy is a useful means for obese NIDDM patients not only to reduce body weight but also to improve insulin sensitivity [4].
• Both physicians and diabetic patients have traditionally relied on measurement of glycosuria as an indirect method of estimating plasma glucose concentration to guide adjustment of insulin and diet therapy [5].

High impact information on Diet Therapy

• The median range of blood cholesterol at which diet therapy was initiated was 6.21 to 6.70 mmol/L (240 to 259 mg/dL) in 1986, down from 6.72 to 7.21 mmol/L (260 to 279 mg/dL) in 1983; the median for drug therapy was 7.76 to 8.25 mmol/L [6].
• All patients received diet therapy and were randomly assigned placebo (39) or active treatment (40) with pravastatin, nicotinic acid, cholestyramine, and gemfibrozil stepwise as needed to reach the specified goal (total cholesterol < or = 4.1 mmol/L, ratio of LDL/high-density-lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol < or = 2.0) [7].
• Diet therapy in rheumatoid arthritis [8].
• Primary prevention with a statin compared with diet therapy was $54000 per QALY to $1400000 per QALY [9].
• Both sulfonylurea and insulin therapy substantially reduced fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1e) concentrations, compared with diet therapy alone [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diet Therapy

• After diet therapy the increase in insulin sensitivity correlated with reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001), reductions in serum fructosamine (r = 0.77, p less than 0.05), and weight loss (r = 0.78, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[11]
• When diuretic and diet therapy cannot control endolymphatic hydrops, ototoxic drugs such as streptomycin have been used [12].
• To assess the efficacy of metformin in reducing bodyweight, 48 diet-treated NIDDM women with obesity who had failed to lose weight by diet therapy were first placed on a 1200-kcal ADA (American Diabetes Association) diet before being randomized to receive either metformin (850 mg) or placebo twice daily in a double-blind fashion for 24 weeks [13].
• OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of glyburide in patients with gestational diabetes who failed diet therapy [14].
• A placebo-controlled, randomized study of glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for whom diet therapy is unsuccessful [15].

Biological context of Diet Therapy

• CONCLUSIONS--Total plasma cholesterol response to in-hospital diet therapy varies by apolipoprotein E phenotypes, with subjects with apolipoprotein E2 showing the greatest response, whereas those with apolipoprotein E4 show the least [16].
• METHODS: Patients who were beyond the first trimester and who failed to achieve satisfactory glucose control with diet therapy were treated with glyburide, at a starting dose of 2.5 mg daily [14].
• This study demonstrated that long-term intake of barley has beneficial effects on glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism and suggests the intake of unrefined cereal foods should increase as a diet therapy for type 2 diabetes [17].
• Platelet counts have been noted to be low in patients treated with high-oil diet therapy for adrenoleukodystrophy [18].
• Perioperative measures to prevent thromboembolic events include diet therapy to lower serum methionine and homocysteine levels, adequate preoperative hydration, maintenance of intraoperative cardiac output, and the use of pneumatic stockings to prevent peripheral stagnation of blood [19].

Anatomical context of Diet Therapy

• METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight nonsmoking men, aged 40 to 59 years, with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized to colestipol/niacin plus diet therapy or placebo plus diet therapy [20].
• In conclusion, endogenous insulin secretion is closely associated with body fat and serum leptin in diabetic subjects treated with diet therapy and SU [21].
• During a diet therapy program (about 1,200 kcal/day) for HO (n = 55), 25 subjects were treated with a non-drug-dependent pulse-synchronized transpercutaneous electric abdominal muscle stimulator (PEM) (ca. 30,000 muscle contractions/day) for 4 weeks [22].

Associations of Diet Therapy with chemical compounds

• Intensive diet therapy and self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose were used to obtain postprandial euglycemia; 22% of GDM subjects required insulin [23].
• The diabetic subjects on diet therapy had relative hyperproinsulinemia, assessed relative to C-peptide concentrations, fasting and in response to hyperglycemic clamping and arginine, compared with control subjects [10].
• Diet therapy alone was followed by a decrease of 11 mg/100 ml in mean serum cholesterol (p less than 0.01 versus pretreatment value) and no change in serum triglyceride [24].
• Diabetics controlled on diet therapy showed no change in disaccharidase activity while two diabetics controlled on insulin or insulin-producing drug, glibenclamide, showed a fall in disaccharidase values toward normal [25].
• RESULTS: The addition of acarbose to the treatment of patients receiving background insulin and diet therapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction in mean HbA1c of 0.69% compared with placebo [26].

Gene context of Diet Therapy

• To assess the effect of improved metabolic control on PAI-1 activity, nine Type 2 diabetic patients established on diet therapy and with previous stable glycaemic control served as controls [27].
• MEASUREMENTS: Fasting GH, IGF-I, glucose, insulin and GH secretion after GHRH (100 ug i.v.) were assessed in all patients before and after diet therapy [28].
• There was no significant difference in serum cholesterol reduction in response to diet therapy between subjects with apoE4 (E4/2, E4/3 and E4/4, n = 12) and without apoE4 (E3/3 and E3/2, n = 40) [29].
• The University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) have addressed the issue of insulin versus oral agent or diet therapy in people with recently diagnosed type II diabetes [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: By increasing postprandial concentrations of the constituent peptides of islet amyloid, sulfonylurea therapy might increase the rate of deposition of islet amyloid and thereby accelerate the decline of % beta in NIDDM, compared with diet therapy alone [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diet Therapy

• Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia: meta-analysis of 8 controlled trials [32].
• EEG was studied during diet therapy when phenylalanine levels in blood were low and after a relatively short period of four months with elevated phenylalanine blood levels [33].
• Clinical trials have successfully tested the feasibility of preventing coronary events using diet therapy or cholesterol-lowering drugs [34].

References