Disease relevance of Prostatic Diseases

• Individuals without prostatic diseases (n = 92) had values for serum PAP activity up to 0.36 U/L (0.94 microgram/L), in an age-independent distribution; patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 62) showed values up to 0.48 U/L (1.25 micrograms/L) [1].
• PURPOSE: We evaluated positron emission tomograph (PET) with 18fluorine (18F)-labeled deoxyglucose for metabolic grading of untreated primary prostate cancer, and differentiation of benign and malignant prostatic disease [2].
• Using the developmentally estrogenized mouse model, we propose an alternative role for estrogens as a predisposing factor for prostatic diseases: estrogen exposure during development may initiate cellular changes in the prostate which would require estrogens and/or androgens later in life for promotion to hyperplasia or neoplasia [3].
• In order to investigate the relationship between bone metastases and alpha 2M, we assessed these two parameters in 128 patients with prostatic diseases [4].
• 5. The levels of PASP in peripheral serum were less than 0.1 mg/L in normal subjects, 0.7-3 mg/L in cases of acute pancreatitis, and less than 0.1 mg/L in cases of pancreatic carcinoma, prostatic diseases, and other abdominal diseases investigated [5].

High impact information on Prostatic Diseases

• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important of all tumor markers in that it has significant applications in all aspects of the management of men with prostatic disease [6].
• In addition to highlighting the regulatory role of androgens and TGF-beta, these findings may have important implications for the deregulation of the stem cell compartment in the etiology of proliferative prostatic diseases [7].
• Furthermore, the clinical safety of androgen therapy for cardiovascular and prostatic disease is uncertain [8].
• The results suggest that the codon10 polymorphism in TGFB1 may have a significant influence on the development of PCa and BPH, therefore underscoring the importance of the TGF pathway in the development of these prostatic diseases [9].
• Citrate and choline resonances alone are not sufficiently accurate markers for distinguishing between various patterns of prostatic disease [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Prostatic Diseases

• On the other hand, sera from patients with above-normal alkaline phosphatase activity and no prostatic disease showed little or no activity on phosphotyrosine at both acid and alkaline pH values [11].
• BACKGROUND: The known importance of the endocrine system, particularly of steroid hormones, for development of the prostate gland and the fact that steroid hormones act as immunmodulators prompted us to compare hypophyseal, adrenal, and gonadal hormones, including cortisol, in patients with benign and malignant prostatic diseases [12].
• Patients with malignant prostatic disease also had a significantly higher concentration of oleic acid in phospholipids from both plasma and prostatic tissue [13].
• Casodex has the potential to become an important drug for treatment of prostatic diseases [14].
• All had their serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) analysed and those referred for investigation of prostatic disease underwent serum testosterone analysis [15].

Biological context of Prostatic Diseases

• Normal prostatic development and some prostatic diseases involve altered expression of the cell-cycle regulators p27 and p21 (also known as CDKN1B and CDKN1A, respectively) [16].
• These findings suggest that FASN gene copy number increases may be involved in the resultant increase in FASN protein expression observed in prostatic disease [17].
• Associations among serum PSA, ARE I, and AR genotypes were determined by genotyping 109 white and 71 African-American men determined to be free of clinical prostatic disease [18].
• Among them, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) are thought important in regulating prostate growth and homeostasis, and their expression undergoes changes in proliferative prostatic disease [19].

Anatomical context of Prostatic Diseases

• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelial cells, and its serum concentration is increased in men with prostatic disease, including cancer [20].
• In normal, hypertrophic, and neoplastic prostate glands, beta-microseminoprotein was found in glandular epithelium but not in stroma cells. beta-Microseminoprotein may be as useful as gamma-seminoprotein in the pathologic examination of prostatic diseases, especially in histogenic classification of tumors or metastatic tumors [21].
• In the context of searching for a noninvasive, highly reliable method for prostate cancer diagnosis, we assessed the extent to which extracellular (ie, surface-bound) and intracellular PSA-positive macrophages might differentiate patients with benign versus malignant prostatic disease [22].

Gene context of Prostatic Diseases

• Due to the protease structure, PSA occurs in different molecular forms in serum and their concentrations vary according to the type of prostatic disease [23].
• Blood testing for hK2 combined with different PSA forms improves discrimination of men with benign prostatic disease from those with prostate cancer [23].
• The purpose of this review is to describe the functional role of PTEN in the molecular pathogenesis of prostatic disease [24].
• Characterization and determination of the complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-protease inhibitor in benign and malignant prostatic diseases [25].
• Our data reveal that serum PSA measurements fluctuate unpredictably over the course of a day in patients with and without prostatic disease, but to a lesser extent than that seen for serum PAP values [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Prostatic Diseases

• METHODS: Tissue was collected prospectively from 46 patients with BPH who underwent TURP for clinically benign prostatic disease, and who were examined using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP assay) [27].
• Patient samples consisted of 55 untreated histologically confirmed primary cancer, 62 men with untreated benign prostatic disease histologically confirmed by 6 negative sextant biopsies, and 64 asymptomatic healthy male controls with normal digital rectal examinations and PSA values less than 4.0 ng/mL [28].
• Hormonal dependency of prostate cancer was first described in 1895 by White who showed the initial observation between castration and the treatment of prostatic disease in men with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy [29].
• A fluorescent artefact resembling BB-creatine kinase in sera of patients with prostatic disease [30].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each assay was evaluated against a panel of serum samples comprising those from patients with prostatic disease, other malignancies, normal subjects and sera containing substances which might interfere with the immunoassay [31].

References