Disease relevance of samarium

• PURPOSE: Samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate ((153)Sm-EDTMP), a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical, provides therapeutic irradiation to osteoblastic bone metastases [1].
• Palliation of pain associated with metastatic bone cancer using samarium-153 lexidronam: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial [2].
• Samarium-153 chelate localization in malignant melanoma [3].
• Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of samarium-153-labelled OC125 antibody coupled to CITCDTPA in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer [4].
• A multicentre trial was organized in China as part of an international coordinated research project to study the efficacy and toxicity of single-dose samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) as a palliative treatment for painful skeletal metastases [5].

High impact information on samarium

• An enhancement solution dissociates Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions from the labeled CA III and Mb, respectively, into a solution where they form highly fluorescent chelates [6].
• Human pharmacokinetics of samarium-153 EDTMP in metastatic cancer [7].
• Samarium-153 EDTMP has been proposed as a radionuclide therapeutic agent to treat malignant bone tissue disorders [8].
• Strontium-89 and Samarium-153 are widely available systemically administered radionuclides that are useful for the treatment of widely disseminated disease, and have largely supplanted the use of hemi-body irradiation [9].
• Phosphorus-32 as sodium phosphate, strontium-89 ( 89Sr) as the chloride, and samarium-153 lexidronam may all be given intravenously (and 32P also orally) in patients where bone scintigraphy demonstrates a metastatic lesion causing the patient's bone pain [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of samarium

• A phase II study of treatment of painful multifocal skeletal metastases with single and repeated dose samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate [11].
• The clinical outcome and tolerability following treatment with samarium-153 particulate hydroxyapatite was evaluated in patients with persistent rheumatoid knee synovitis [12].
• Samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate therapy for bone pain palliation in skeletal metastases [13].
• Strontium-89 and samarium-153 are radioisotopes that are approved in the USA and Europe for the palliation of pain from metastatic bone cancer, whereas rhenium-186 and rhenium-188 are investigational [14].
• Samarium-153 lexidronam (153Sm-EDTMP) is FDA approved for painful osteoblastic bone metastases that image on bone scan [15].

Biological context of samarium

• Samarium-153 lexidronam produced transient decreases in the leukocyte and platelet counts, but these never became low enough to cause clinical concern [16].

Anatomical context of samarium

• The onset of drug absorption occurred 4 hours after administration when radioactive samarium-153 was in the distal small bowel, and peak plasma drug level occurred 6 hours after administration, which corresponded with the arrival of samarium-153 in the terminal ileum and ileal/cecal junction [17].

Associations of samarium with other chemical compounds

• Europium (Eu) and Samarium (Sm) chelates were conjugated to two additional monoclonal antibodies acting as detection antibodies for PAPP-A and beta-hCG [18].
• We describe a novel approach to treatment with a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical, samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate ((153)Sm-EDTMP), followed by myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell reconstitution [19].
• Dual-isotope imaging of neutron-activated erbium-171 and samarium-153 and the in vivo evaluation of a dual-labeled bilayer tablet by gamma scintigraphy [20].

Gene context of samarium

• IFN-gamma, IL-4 and beta-ACT were detected with europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) and samarium (Sm) labelled probes, respectively, using time-resolved fluorometry [21].
• The subsequent immunoassay, including the separation of free and bound HCA I and II, requires only one incubation step, after which an enhancement solution dissociates Sm3+ and Eu3+ ions from the labeled HCA I and II, respectively, into a solution where they form highly fluorescent chelates [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of samarium

• Labeling of monoclonal antibodies with samarium-153 for combined radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunotherapy [23].
• The use of samarium-153 in the context of radioimmunotherapy of cancers has been limited by the instability of antibody labelling, which produces high uptake concentrations in liver and bone [4].
• In vivo gastrointestinal transit of samarium-153 was monitored via gamma scintigraphy for 48 hours after administration to coincide with blood sampling [17].
• After an overnight fast, subjects received a single 800-mg oral dose of CGP 43371 (4 capsules of 200 mg each) and one capsule of radioactive samarium-153 oxide (100-130 microCi) as a nonabsorbable marker of gastrointestinal transit and fecal recovery for CGP 43371 [17].
• Systemic metabolic radiotherapy with samarium-153 EDTMP for the treatment of painful bone metastasis [24].

References