Disease relevance of strontium

• Strontium 89 therapy for the palliation of pain due to osseous metastases [1].
• We assessed the rate of bone marrow failure in patients with prostate cancer who had received a dose of strontium-89 [2].
• Strontium-89 has been used for the treatment of painful bony metastases in patients suffering from disseminated adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a variable proportion of patients obtaining clinically significant reductions in analgesic requirements [3].
• Kupffer cell proliferation and glucan-induced granuloma formation in mice depleted of blood monocytes by strontium-89 [4].
• Use of bone scintigraphy to select patients with multiple myeloma for treatment with strontium-89 [5].

Psychiatry related information on strontium

• A Quality-of-Life analysis was performed as a multivariate data set and demonstrated an overall superiority of strontium-89 with alleviation of pain and improvement in physical activity being statistically significant [6].

High impact information on strontium

• After two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy, we randomly assigned 72 patients who were clinically stable or responders to receive doxorubicin with or without strontium-89 (Sr-89) every week for 6 weeks [7].
• Therapy tolerance in selected patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer following strontium-89 combined with chemotherapy [2].
• RESULTS: No patients developed bone marrow failure within 6 months of receiving strontium-89 [2].
• In adult mice rendered severely monocytopenic by administration of strontium-89, resident macrophages are maintained by self-renewal [8].
• The local proliferative capacity of resident pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) was determined in normal CD-1 (ICR) mice and mice made severely monocytopenic with strontium-89 (89Sr) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of strontium

• PATIENTS AND METHODS: This subgroup analysis involved 34 patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer who had been given a dose of strontium-89 and six weekly doses of doxorubicin after response to induction chemotherapy [2].
• In a multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving 126 patients with endocrine-resistant advanced prostate cancer, all of whom received external beam radiotherapy, additional treatment with a single injected dose of 400 MBq strontium-89 (Metastron) significantly improved overall pain control [10].
• The aim of this randomized phase II study was to assess and compare the analgesic efficacy of strontium-89 and chemotherapy (FEM=5-FU, epirubicin, and mitomycin C) in 35 patients with disseminated, hormone-refractory prostate cancer suffering from persisting bone pain despite analgesic treatment [11].
• Radioactive phosphorus-32 or strontium-89 has been administered for disseminated bony metastasis with improvement of bone pain in approximately 70-80% of treated patients [12].
• Neutrophil involvement in effects of diethylstilbestrol and strontium 89 on macrophage activation by Propionibacterium acnes [13].

Biological context of strontium

• The pharmacokinetics of strontium-89 thus favor the objective of achieving a clinically effective beta radiation dose to tumor deposits while minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissue [14].
• Previously we reported that when young adult female W/Wv mice are given 0.5 microCi strontium-89 per gram body weight IV, their hematocrit values oscillate from nadirs of 26% to zeniths of 42% with a periodicity of 16 days [15].
• In order to analyse the effect of GlcNAc on sperm-zona pellucida binding, independent of its effect on the AR, strontium (Sr) was used as a calcium (Ca) replacement in the sperm capacitation and co-incubation medium [16].
• Strontium-89: treatment results and kinetics in patients with painful metastatic prostate and breast cancer in bone [17].
• BACKGROUND: The objectives of the current study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine given in combination with strontium-89 to patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma [18].

Anatomical context of strontium

• The contribution of specific activity to the effects of the bone-seeking isotope, strontium 89 on radiosensitive components of mononuclear phagocyte populations was investigated in mice [19].
• Platelets and leukocytes fell by an average 30-40% after strontium-89 but sequelae were uncommon, and other symptoms rare [20].
• In severely monocytopenic mice induced by the administration of strontium-89, Kupffer cells have a proliferative capacity and are maintained by self-renewal [21].
• B lymphocyte differentiation in lethally irradiated and reconstituted mice. I. The effect of Strontium-89 induced bone marrow aplasia on the recovery of the B cell compartment in the spleen [22].

Associations of strontium with other chemical compounds

• Strontium-89 and Samarium-153 are widely available systemically administered radionuclides that are useful for the treatment of widely disseminated disease, and have largely supplanted the use of hemi-body irradiation [23].
• Mitoxantrone chemotherapy in combination with glucocorticoids and the radioisotopes strontium-89 and samarium-153-lexidronam are now available [24].

Gene context of strontium

• BACKGROUND: Strontium-89 is a pure Beta-emitting radioactive analogue of calcium that has been shown to be beneficial in the palliation of pain due to osseous metastases from adenocarcinoma of the prostate [25].
• Of these, 14 had a fall in PSA following strontium-89 treatment, and their mean survival was 641 days [26].
• Multivariate analysis showed haemoglobin level, PSA level and outcome after strontium-89 treatment to be significant independent prognostic variables; no change/unsuccessful outcome, a high PSA level prior to treatment, and a low haemoglobin level were associated with poor survival [27].
• A normal platelet count before strontium-89 therapy does not preclude subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation, and we support the Society of Nuclear Medicine's bone pain treatment procedure guideline that patients referred for bone palliation should be screened for disseminated intravascular coagulation before therapy [28].
• Strontium-89 (Sr-89) alone or with concurrent chemotherapy has a role in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer (PCP) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of strontium

• Dose estimation in strontium-89 radiotherapy of metastatic prostatic carcinoma [30].
• The cytokinetic behavior of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) was studied by pulse labeling with 3HTdB in mice made monocytopenic by a single intravenous injection of the bone-seeking isotope strontium-89 (89Sr) [31].
• Strontium-89 may be useful as adjuvant therapy for diffuse bone pain, but a double-blind study comparing it to other nonnarcotic modalities is required [32].
• Further research to better define the clinical indications of hemibody irradiation and strontium-89 is recommended [33].
• Several new techniques, including strontium 89 radiopharmaceutical therapy, high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery, are now being evaluated in clinical trials to determine their efficacy in the relief of various oncologic symptoms [34].

References