Disease relevance of Bone and Bones

• Osteoblasts express the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and infected human bone tissue [1].
• The present study demonstrates that ERbeta is present in all the cellular compartments involved in bone formation and bone resorption, both in human and in murine bone tissue [2].
• Since calcium phosphate deposits in both psammoma bodies and bone tissues, we examined whether messenger (m) RNA of bone-related extracellular matrix proteins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) were expressed in human meningioma tissues [3].
• DC released from MG63 cells or bone tissue promotes cell survival and induces the migration of metastatic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells [4].
• Immunostaining for CXCL12 on synovial and bone tissue biopsies from both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) samples revealed a strong increase in the expression levels under inflammatory conditions [5].

High impact information on Bone and Bones

• Vitamin D3-induced calcium binding protein in bone tissue [6].
• The effects of intravenous pamidronate on the bone tissue of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta [7].
• In addition, the degradative potential of osteoarthritic bone was considerably higher as demonstrated by increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, and again the greater activity was associated with the subchondral bone tissue [8].
• These observations support the premise that biologically active vitamin D metabolites stimulate bone tissue maturation, and that PTH is not required in this regard [9].
• Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is known to modulate the stimulatory effects of IGFs and is the major IGF-binding protein in bone tissue [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bone and Bones

• They did, however, dose-dependently inhibit osteoclast-like cell formation as well as KCA-098 did, indicating that the main action of coumestrol and 17beta-estradiol on bone tissue is the inhibition of bone resorption [11].
• Aluminium is involved in the etiology of several complications of chronic renal failure and has been firmly established as having toxic effects on bone tissue [12].
• Although ethanol had no significant effect on the bone tissue and TNF-alpha production of the SHAM rats, it was associated with markedly lower parameters of bone resorption and less TNF-alpha production in the OVX animals [13].
• The inhibition of bone resorption by ipriflavone (IP), an isoflavone derivative devoid of estrogenic properties but active in potentiating the effects of estrogen on bone tissue, has been shown in in vitro and in vivo studies and confirmed by clinical data [14].
• The temporal dorsal bullae were found to be completely filled with bone tissue including the hydroxyapatite granules in all animals examined [15].

Biological context of Bone and Bones

• The c-fos transgene is not expressed during embryogenesis but is expressed after birth in bone tissues before the onset of tumor formation, specifically in putative preosteoblasts, bone-forming osteoblasts, osteocytes, as well as in osteoblastic cells present within the tumors [16].
• This phenotype is specific for c-fos as transgenic mice expressing the fos- and jun-related genes, fosB and c-jun, from the same regulatory elements do not develop any pathology despite high expression in bone tissues [16].
• The major part of fluoride ingested is fixed on calcified tissues, mainly in bone tissue, and then is progressively but slowly recycled during bone remodeling [17].
• Cellular localization of neprilysin in mouse bone tissue and putative role in hydrolysis of osteogenic peptides [18].
• We investigated the gene expression of retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) and retinoid-binding proteins, and the effect of vitamin A on gene expression in the rat tibia to understand the actions of vitamin A on bone tissue [19].

Anatomical context of Bone and Bones

• Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is found in large amounts in bone tissue, and is a potent mitogen for osteoblast-enriched cell cultures obtained from fetal rat parietal bone [20].
• PC-3MM2 cells growing adjacent to bone tissue and endothelial cells within these lesions expressed phosphorylated EGF-R and PDGF-R alpha and -beta on their surfaces [21].
• Measurements of the weights of the explants, their mineral and protein components, and the EDTA-extractable proteins established that bone tissue synthesizes O-phosphoserine- and O-phosphothreonine-containing phosphoproteins which are similar to those present in embryonic and postnatal chicken bone matrix [22].
• To investigate a paracrine role for M-CSF in bone we examined bone tissue and cells for the M-CSF receptor c-fms using immunohistochemical techniques and demonstrated staining of mature osteoclasts both in situ and after isolation [23].
• Thyroid hormones increase insulin-like growth factor I content in the medium of rat bone tissue [24].

Associations of Bone and Bones with chemical compounds

• In all 11 patients studied, histologic studies of bone showed excessive unmineralized bone tissue despite normal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [25].
• Tamoxifen and some metabolites were also present in specimens of skin and bone tissue [26].
• Further analysis of prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolism in tumor and bone tissue and in the circulation will clarify the specific mechanism [27].
• Hydroxyapatite is the bone-associated phosphocalcic crystal the deposition of which in bone tissue requires the coordinated expression of several molecules such as osteonectin (OSN) and osteopontin (OPN), synthesized by cells of the osteoblastic lineage [28].
• The rapid generation of the 23-kDa glycoprotein and its presence in different bone tissues at different developmental stages indicate that the fragmentation of SPPI is important in bone formation and remodeling [29].

Gene context of Bone and Bones

• TGF beta 1 is expressed predominantly in the mesodermal components of the embryo e.g. the hematopoietic cells of both fetal liver and the hemopoietic islands of the yolk sac, the mesenchymal tissues of several internal organs and in ossifying bone tissues [30].
• These results suggest that TNF-alpha may contribute to the regulation of remodeling and inflammation of bone tissues through the JE gene product [31].
• These data do not preclude the possibility that there was a production of cAMP within the bone tissue itself after PTH but suggest that there was no release of cAMP from the bone into the bone blood [32].
• RANKL transcripts were expressed abundantly in the thymus and bone tissues of OVX rats. rRANKL has a single hydrophobic region between residues 53 and 69, which is most likely to serve as a transmembrane domain [33].
• However, after 4 and 8 weeks, there was almost no change in BSP expression in any of the bone tissues [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bone and Bones

• No MGP was recovered from bone tissue, whereas a protein peak corresponding to the MGP position in this type of gel filtration was obtained from an extract of branchial arches, rich in calcified cartilage [35].
• In this study we used Northern analysis to explore the induction of early-response genes in bone tissue following a single injection of an anabolic dose of PGE2 (6 mg/kg) and in situ hybridization to localize the responding cells [36].
• Animals were killed on each third day and viable bacterial counts and levels of pefloxacin in bone tissue were determined [37].
• With microradiography and light microscopy, respectively, of ground and thin sections it was shown that hydroxylapatite remained unchanged and beta-whitlockite degraded within 6 month in bone tissue [38].
• We supplemented rat marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) seeded on poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) fiber meshes with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) to improve bone tissue formation for tissue engineering [39].

References