Disease relevance of Gastrointestinal Transit

• AIM: To investigate the effects of a probiotic formulation, VSL#3, on gastrointestinal transit and symptoms of patients with Rome II irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhoea [1].
• The present study compared morphine pellets to morphine pumps and also examined the differential effects of morphine versus U50,488H (kappa agonist), deltorphin II (delta2 agonist), and (D-Pen2, D-Pen5)-enkephalin (DPDPE, delta1 agonist), administered via Alzet minipumps, on oral Salmonella infection and on gastrointestinal transit [2].
• Alloxan diabetic animals had a slow gastrointestinal transit, together with delayed and exaggerated postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, after oral administration of olive oil, which was significantly improved after oral administration of domperidone or R. palmatum L [3].
• The inhibitory effect of repetitiously administered loperamide, a peripheral mu-opioid receptor agonist and well-recognized antidiarrheal agent, on mouse gastrointestinal transit was compared with that of morphine in order to examine the development of tolerance to mu-opioid receptor agonist-induced constipation (antitransit effect) [4].
• Effects of oleanolic acid glycosides on gastrointestinal transit and ileus in mice [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gastrointestinal Transit

• The extract (0.39 g/kg) significantly increased gastrointestinal transit time and the reaction time to thermal stimuli but had no effect on the activity of alkaline phosphatase or concentrations of creatinine and urea in plasma [6].

High impact information on Gastrointestinal Transit

• Evidence of a physiologic component is based on gender differences in gastrointestinal transit time, visceral sensitivity, central nervous system pain processing, and specific effects of estrogen and progesterone on gut function [7].
• However, amylase inhibition did not significantly change plasma concentrations of insulin, peptide YY or neurotensin, postprandial pancreatic secretion, gastrointestinal transit or pancreatic weight, and protein or DNA content [8].
• Central nervous system effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on gastrointestinal transit in the rat [9].
• Inhibition of gastrointestinal transit due to surgical trauma or peritoneal irritation is reduced in capsaicin-treated rats [10].
• Gastrointestinal transit time was defined as the time of the first sustained rise in breath hydrogen concentration after ingestion of 10 g of lactulose [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gastrointestinal Transit

• In the alcoholics various parameters such as ethanol consumption, gastrointestinal symptoms, and alcoholic neuropathy were determined and related to gastrointestinal transit times [12].
• It was shown that escin could inhibit acute inflammation and granuloma formation, cause acceleration of gastrointestinal transit, help recover intestinal motility, and attenuate the formation of postoperative adhesions [13].
• The effects of octreotide on both gastrointestinal transit time and hormonal changes appear to contribute to the benefits seen in dumping syndrome [14].
• 4. RU-38486 reverses both the inhibitory action of dexamethasone on gastrointestinal transit and its reducing effect on morphine-induced constipation [15].
• 6. The above results suggest a role for steroid in gastrointestinal transit and propose a possible mechanism through which dexamethasone could reverse morphine- and atropine-induced constipation [16].

Biological context of Gastrointestinal Transit

• Mean weight of each defecation and stool moisture did not increase and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, calcium balance, and gastrointestinal transit time did not decrease as fiber intake increased [17].
• To verify if clodronate and pamidronate could modulate the peripheral opioid receptors we evaluated the gastrointestinal transit time in mice, but we did not find any effect on the gastrointestinal motility [18].
• Intra-arterial serotonin accelerated gastric emptying of a radiolabelled liquid, while motilin accelerated overall upper gastrointestinal transit [19].
• Piperine appeared to increase EGCG bioavailability by inhibiting glucuronidation and gastrointestinal transit [20].
• The pharmacokinetics of extended-release formulations of calcium antagonists and of amlodipine in subjects with different gastrointestinal transit times [21].

Anatomical context of Gastrointestinal Transit

• We studied gastrointestinal transit time in fasting patients with thyroid dysfunction using the pulmonary excretion of H2 after the ingestion of a nonabsorbable carbohydrate, lactulose, as an indicator of the rate of transit to the colon [22].
• Gastrointestinal transit time from ingestion of lactulose to the delivery of the disaccharide to the cecum was determined by monitoring breath hydrogen levels at 10-min intervals [23].
• Methyl naltrexone, which crosses the blood-brain barrier with difficulty, also antagonized the potentiating effect of the peptides on the action of morphine on gastrointestinal transit [24].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sucrose polyester has significant effects on gastrointestinal transit, gallbladder contraction and gastrointestinal hormones [25].
• We conclude that the cholinergic motor neurons of the enteric nervous system of mice possess alpha(2)-heteroreceptors which mediate inhibition of acetylcholine release, of neurogenic contractions and of gastrointestinal transit [26].

Associations of Gastrointestinal Transit with chemical compounds

• Gastrointestinal transit time was defined as the time of initial rise in breath hydrogen following ingestion of 10 g of lactulose [27].
• Effect of cisapride on the gastrointestinal transit of a solid meal in normal human subjects [28].
• Fasted and fed gastrointestinal transit was assessed using technetium-99m (99mTc) as the radioactive marker linked to 1 mm amberlite pellets or added to the meal [29].
• Sulphasalazine and gastrointestinal transit [30].
• In contrast, seven patients had a low xylose test result, which in five of them could be accounted for by impaired renal function, small intestinal bacterial contamination, or altered gastrointestinal transit [31].

Gene context of Gastrointestinal Transit

• Gastrointestinal transit was similar in P2X3+/+ and P2X3-/- mice [32].
• No correlation was found between the somatostatin levels and rates of upper gastrointestinal transit in patients [33].
• Upper gastrointestinal transit (GIT, estimated through black marker gavage), intestinal myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), intestinal malondialdehyde levels (MDA), Evans blue extravasation (EB), intestinal histological damage, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were considered [34].
• RESULTS: In contrast to a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) blocker, L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reversed the additional inhibitory effects of gut manipulation after laparotomy on the gastrointestinal transit (GI) in a dose-dependent, L-arginine-sensitive manner [35].
• 5. These findings demonstrate that PAR-1 and PAR-2 modulate gastrointestinal transit in mice in vivo [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gastrointestinal Transit

• We studied the effects of several drugs on gastrointestinal transit (tramadol HCl, acetaminophen with codeine and placebo) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study [37].
• Gastrointestinal transit of an enteric-coated, delayed-release 5-aminosalicylic acid tablet radiolabelled with indium-111 has been monitored in a preliminary study with eight healthy subjects using gamma scintigraphy [38].
• These actions are anti-analgesic, because OFQ/N also blocked clonidine analgesia and OFQ/N was inactive against the inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by morphine [39].
• The gastrointestinal transit of chitosan capsules was determined by counting the number of capsules in the gastrointestinal lumen by celiotomy at certain times after their oral administration to rats [40].
• The solutions were radiolabeled with technetium-99m to allow their gastrointestinal transit to be followed using a gamma camera [41].

References