Disease relevance of Itobarbital

• We show that Pax3 is expressed in the profundal placode and ganglion, strongly supporting homology between the separate profundal ganglion of elasmobranchs and basal actinopterygians and the ophthalmic trigeminal placode-derived neurons of the fused amniote trigeminal ganglion [1].
• The medication, which contained butalbital, was self-administered in escalating doses for the treatment of chronic headaches [2].
• There were claims for migraine drugs (ICD-9 code for triptans or ergot compounds) for just 140 (11.1%) SM and 34 (2.7%) PM sufferers, and migraine analgesics (butalbital and isomethepthene compounds), for 6.3% SM and 2.2% PM sufferers (0.7% of the controls) [3].
• The butalbital-containing compounds are efficacious in placebo-controlled trials among patients with episodic tension-type headaches [4].
• Our study gives a comprehensive insight into the structure of the bacterial and archaeal community of a profundal lake sediment, indicating that sulphate reducers, syntrophs, bacteroidetes, halorespirers and methanogens are of particular importance in Lake Kinneret sediment [5].

Psychiatry related information on Itobarbital

• In addition, other published literature highlights the frequent adverse consequences of butalbital-containing products for migraineurs, such as poor migraine control, disability, drug-induced headaches, and withdrawal symptoms [6].
• The differential diagnosis of: 1. possible psychotoxic effects of the combination of propranolol, imipramine, and butalbital; 2. confusional migraine with amnesia; and 3. psychogenic dissociation is considered [7].

High impact information on Itobarbital

• Phylogenetic delineation with partial (345 bp) 16S rRNA gene sequences of clones obtained from sediments confirmed the fidelity of the amplified nitrosomonad DNA and identified two sequence clusters closely related to either N. europaea or N. eutropha that were equated with the littoral and profundal sediment sites, respectively [8].
• The most rostral branchiomeric nerves, the profundal and trigeminal nerves, appear to arise solely from an ectodermal placode and from neural crest, respectively [9].
• The thaw pond sediment had the largest viable microbial biomass, while the profundal sediment had the smallest [10].
• The microbial community structure of an anoxic profundal lake sediment, i.e., subtropical Lake Kinneret, was analysed with respect to its composition by culture-independent molecular methods including terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, comparative sequence analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR [5].
• To monitor their presence and fate in the aquatic environment, a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed to quantify butalbital, secobarbital, hexobarbital, aprobarbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital, all with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1 ng/L [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Itobarbital

• Review of the mother's medical records suggested compliance with routine prenatal care and vitamins; however, she smoked cigarettes during the pregnancy and occasionally took a pill containing butalbital, acetaminophen, and caffeine for migraine headaches [12].

Biological context of Itobarbital

• Thus, we conclude that amobarbital, butalbital, and secobarbital inhibit platelet aggregation by suppressing [Ca2+]i increase without affecting IP3 formation [13].
• A novel sediment bubble gas sampler and a subsurface bubble gas collector were designed to measure the ebullition of gases from profundal sediments of aquatic ecosystems [14].
• Certain side effects of butalbital, such as drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, and a feeling of intoxication, could affect pilot performance and become a significant factor in an aviation accident [15].
• The higher release of algal products of photosynthesis in the photic zone than in the profundal is probably caused by the inhibition of physiological activity of bacteria by antibacterial substances produced by algae [16].
• Based on a pharmacokinetic model, the following conclusions can be drawn: a) There is no change in bioavailability due to the combination of the three components in Optalidon in respect to their single administration [17].

Anatomical context of Itobarbital

• Attenuation by butalbital of capsaicin-induced c-fos-like immunoreactivity in trigeminal nucleus caudalis [18].
• Butalbital dose-dependently reduced the number of labeled cells to a maximum of 66% (1000 micrograms/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.], P < .01) in lamina I, IIo but not within area postrema, medial reticular nucleus, or the nucleus of the solitary tract [18].
• The constrictor effects of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) on the profundal femoral, circumflex femoral, saphenous, and popliteal arteries varied among 19 out of 20 sites [19].
• As in gnathostomes generally, Latimeria has a ciliary ganglion but its cells are located intracranially in the root of the oculomotor nerve, and their processes reach the eye via oculomotor and profundal rami [20].
• Using X-ray angiography, the internal diameter (ID) of 31 sites of arteries in the hindlimb, i.e., the iliac, main femoral, profundal femoral, circumflex femoral, saphenous, and popliteal arteries, was measured in anesthetized rabbits [19].

Associations of Itobarbital with other chemical compounds

• RESULTS: Eighteen patients with headache hospitalized in an inpatient pain unit for withdrawal from overuse of combination butalbital preparations underwent a phenobarbital-loading protocol [21].
• Amobarbital, butalbital, and secobarbital suppressed ADP-, epinephrine- and STA2-induced platelet aggregation and the STA2-induced [Ca2+]i increase, even when Ca2+ influx was blocked by Ni2+ [13].
• PCB and sigma DDT concentrations were greater in the predatory bottom animals than in the herbivores or detritus feeders, and the amounts of chlorinated hydrocarbons were greater in profundal animals than in littoral animals [22].
• Determination of butalbital, caffeine and propyphenazone in pharmaceutical preparations by gas chromatography method [23].

Gene context of Itobarbital

• The eluates containing butalbital as internal standard were separated with a 7-microm Chromsystems C18 250 x 4.0 mm I.D. reversed-phase column at a temperature of 40 degrees C using a mobile phase consisting of pH 3.8 phosphate-acetonitrile buffer (55:45, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min [24].
• Ectodermal placodes comprise the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, profundal, trigeminal, otic, lateral line, and epibranchial placodes [25].
• Should butalbital-containing analgesics be banned? Yes [26].
• (Tubificidae: Tubificinae) is described from the profundal zone (74 m) of Fuxian Lake, the deepest lake (up to 155 m) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China. The new species is assigned to Potamothrix because of its short vasa deferentia and its tubular atria without ejaculatory ducts and prostate glands [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Itobarbital

• DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 18 consecutive patients in an inpatient pain rehabilitation program who were withdrawn from overuse of butalbital-combination medications using a phenobarbital-loading protocol [21].
• Butalbital was quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection [28].
• Although the butalbital-containing combination provided consistently greater analgesia, the differences between active medications were not statistically significant [29].
• Each component was investigated after oral administration, alone and in combination either with one of the others (i.e. A+B, B+C, C+A) or with both of the others in Optalidon (A+B+C) [17].

References