Disease relevance of Prenatal Care

• We interviewed and tested 1082 (99.8 percent) of 1084 consecutive pregnant women who registered for prenatal care at a public health clinic in western Palm Beach County, Florida. This rural agricultural area of about 36,000 people is known to have a high prevalence of HIV infection [1].
• Association between newborn birth weight and prenatal care for cocaine users [2].
• To determine the receptivity of prenatal care providers and their patients to carrier testing for cystic fibrosis (CF), we offered free carrier screening, followed by genetic counseling of carriers, to all prenatal care providers in Rochester, NY, for all their female patients of reproductive age, pregnant or not [3].
• Thus, despite the emergence of maternal cocaine use as a new risk factor, underutilization of prenatal care remains the strongest predictor of congenital syphilis [4].
• Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among women receiving prenatal care at the Palm Beach County Health Department [5].

Psychiatry related information on Prenatal Care

• Poor maternal nutrition, lack of prenatal care, and other health and life-style factors related to maternal cocaine use during pregnancy also appear to be factors mediating the developmental problems of cocaine-exposed infants [6].
• Women with positive screens for cocaine were more likely to use tobacco and alcohol, admit to substance abuse, and receive limited prenatal care [7].
• Future studies should focus on the effect of maternal cocaine use on pregnancy outcome in diverse socioeconomic groups, longitudinal follow-up of exposed children, and the relationship between cocaine use and maternal behaviors that may affect access to prenatal care [8].
• Compared to heroin abuse, methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy was associated with more consistent prenatal care, more normal fetal growth and reduced fetal mortality [9].

High impact information on Prenatal Care

• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trends in prenatal care utilization, according to 4 indices (the older indices: the Institute of Medicine Index and the trimester that care began, and the newer indices: the R-GINDEX and the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index) [10].
• OBJECTIVES: In 1989, the Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care established guidelines on the timing and content of prenatal care, including a schedule consisting of fewer prenatal visits than traditionally provided, for women at low risk of adverse perinatal outcomes [11].
• DESIGN: A decision analysis that incorporated the following variables: acceptance and benefit of prenatal care, acceptance and benefit of zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected women, prevalence of HIV infection, and mandatory compared with voluntary HIV testing [12].
• RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of pregestational diabetic women presented for prenatal care with suboptimal control of their blood glucose levels (hemoglobin A1c measurement, >0.08) [13].
• OBJECTIVE: We measured urinary excretion of the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha), which is an indicator of oxidative damage to lipids, and the total antioxidant power, which is a global measure of antioxidant status, at the entry to prenatal care [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Prenatal Care

• Maternal glucose level should be included in studies of factors that affect birth weight, and appropriate prenatal care provided to Hispanic women with abnormal and borderline metabolic status [15].
• DESIGN: Interviews (based on the Health Belief Model) concerning folate and neural tube defects were conducted in a prenatal care clinic [16].
• These results were not accounted for by other factors that were also examined such as maternal smoking, use of caffeine, "street' drugs, prenatal care or weight gain during pregnancy [17].
• METHODS: The calcium to creatinine ratio was measured in a spot urine sample of 102 normotensive women at 20-24 weeks' gestation who attended the prenatal care clinic of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The women were followed-up until delivery and grouped according to pre-eclampsia occurrence [18].
• Prevention includes: adequate prenatal care which minimises premature birth, and appropriate systemic intensive care which lessens the tissue hyperoxia/hypoxia swings [19].

Biological context of Prenatal Care

• Because cocaine users and nonusers did not differ in gestational age at entry into prenatal care, opportunities exist for intervention during pregnancy [20].
• In the latter group, women with a positive fetal RhD genotype underwent intensive prenatal care including serial invasive monitoring and intrauterine treatment [21].
• Maternal histories of these infants showed lack of prenatal care in ten, history of gonorrhea in pregnancy in three, and positive serology (STS) in two; ten of the mothers were unmarried [22].
• A 1040 g black male infant was born at 27 weeks' gestation to a 28-year-old black woman with a history of minimal prenatal care and cocaine abuse during pregnancy [23].
• We conclude that treatment with orally administered zidovudine alone (500 mg/day) in the course of routine prenatal care is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of vertical transmission [24].

Anatomical context of Prenatal Care

• METHODS: In a multicenter clinical trial, pooling, ferning, and nitrazine tests were compared with fetal fibronectin in 339 women at term (study group) with a clinical history of rupture of the membranes and in 67 women at term receiving routine prenatal care (controls) [25].
• Our data do not support an association between recent cocaine use and fetal hypoxemia or acidemia, depressed 5-min Apgar scores, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, or cesarean delivery in cocaine-dependent pregnant women enrolled in prenatal care [26].

Associations of Prenatal Care with chemical compounds

• Enrollment of cocaine users in prenatal care may be an effective start to a more comprehensive approach to this problem [27].
• This counselling should include, but is not limited to, folic acid supplementation, medication adherence, the risk of teratogenicity and the importance of prenatal care [28].
• We examined the association between adequacy of prenatal care and four measures of zidovudine prescription: prenatal, intrapartum, neonatal, and the complete regimen [29].
• Race, ethanol exposure, prenatal care, homelessness, and head circumference were not predictive of an abnormal tone examination [30].
• Cigarette smoking information and urine cotinine concentration were collected for 3,395 self-reported smokers who were receiving prenatal care at public clinics in three US states (Colorado, Maryland, and Missouri) and who delivered term infants [31].

Gene context of Prenatal Care

• CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the presence of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene is not a marker for the increased risk of preeclampsia in a population where the level of prenatal care is such that preeclampsia is still frequently seen [32].
• The sera of 12 women classified at high risk of exposure and 19 classified at low risk were tested during prenatal care, at delivery, or at both times for IgG and IgM antibodies to B19 [33].
• With other factors adjusted for, non-White mothers with early prenatal care were more likely than White mothers to deliver their very low birthweight infants in hospitals with neonatal ICUs without transfer [34].
• Adolescents who reported early vaginal bleeding also entered prenatal care later (16.2 weeks) than did adolescents who reported no bleeding (12.7 weeks) (P less than .03); this was not true for adults [35].
• Reasons for this type of frequency could be ascribed to malnutrition, trauma, genetic conditions, antenatal and prenatal care, diseases resulting in febrile convulsions, cerebral infections and may even result in death in specifically diseased individuals [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Prenatal Care

• OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of prenatal care with and without drug rehabilitation on perinatal outcome in cocaine-using women [37].
• AIM 1 used the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, with prenatal care information and 8,661 pregnancy hospitalizations, to examine associations between prenatal care, risk factors, and PAMCs [38].
• The pharmacologic effects of PCP are similar to those of cocaine; therefore, in this retrospective study 37 PCP-intoxicated parturients were matched for ethnicity, tobacco use, age, gravidity, and degree of prenatal care with 37 cocaine-intoxicated parturients [39].

References