Disease relevance of HSDB 6018

• All of the structural genes for 3-chlorobenzoate degradation are clustered in a 4.2-kilobase (kb) region of plasmid pAC25 (or pAC27) in Pseudomonas putida [1].
• Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain RCB100 degrades 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) anaerobically [2].
• Isolation of Alcaligenes sp. strain L6 at low oxygen concentrations and degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate via a pathway not involving (chloro)catechols [3].
• Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) [4].
• In E. coli, expression of the cba genes with the IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible tac promoter of the IncQ vector pMMB66HE resulted in the production of protocatechuate and chlorodihydroxybenzoate metabolites of 3-chlorobenzoate [5].

High impact information on HSDB 6018

• In in vivo experiments, CatR complemented a ClcR- P. putida strain harboring the clcABD operon for growth on 3-chlorobenzoate [6].
• In spite of the detectable sequence homology in the structural genes present on both plasmids, the regulation of their expression seems quite different; unlike pAC27, structural rearrangements are prerequisite for efficient expression of the 3-chlorobenzoate genes on plasmid pJP4 [1].
• Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) degrades 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB) by using two not completely isofunctional, pJP4-encoded chlorocatechol degradation gene clusters, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) [7].
• Pseudomonas putida BN210, carrying the self- transferable clc-element encoding degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate on the chromosome, was used as inoculum in different membrane biofilm reactors treating 3-chlorobenzoate-contaminated model wastewater [8].
• Southern blot analysis revealed that many transconjugants selected directly on 3-chlorobenzoate contained multiple chromosomal copies of the tcb gene cluster, whereas those selected for kanamycin resistance possessed a single copy [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of HSDB 6018

• The chlorinated aromatic acids 3-chlorobenzoate and 4-chlorobenzoate are chemoattractants for Pseudomonas putida PRS2000 [10].
• Two catabolic plasmids, pSS50 and pSS60, isolated from chlorobiphenyl-degrading strains and a 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading plasmid, pBR60, were compared with the previously described IncP group (Pseudomonas group P-1) plasmids pJP4 and R751 [11].
• Burkholderia sp. NK8 grows abundantly on 3-chlorobenzoate (3CB),4-chlorobenzoate (4CB) and benzoate [12].
• Description of strain 3CB-1, a genomovar of Thauera aromatica, capable of degrading 3-chlorobenzoate coupled to nitrate reduction [13].
• Biosynthesis and cytoplasmic accumulation of a chlorinated catechol pigment during 3-chlorobenzoate aerobic co-metabolism in Pseudomonas fluorescens [14].

Biological context of HSDB 6018

• Introduction of two copies of the tcb gene cluster without prior 3-chlorobenzoate selection resulted in transconjugants able to grow on this carbon source [9].
• The nucleotide sequence of cbaC, the 1-carboxy-3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene (cis-diol) dehydrogenase gene from the 3-chlorobenzoate (3-Cba) catabolic transposon Tn5271 was determined [15].
• The parameters for 3CB consumption kinetics varied remarkably with the experimental growth conditions in batch, chemostat, and recycling-fermentor environments [16].
• The mutants were all of the following phenotype: benzoate+, 3-chlorobenzoate+, 2-chlorobenzoate-, 2,3-dichlorobenzoate-, 2,5-dichlorobenzoate-. While chlorocatechols were oxidized by the mutants at wild-type levels, oxidation of 2-chloro- and 2,3- and 2,5-dichlorobenzoates was substantially diminished [17].
• The genes specifying the utilization of 3-chlorobenzoate by Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 WR1 have been cloned by using a broad-host-range cosmid cloning system [18].

Anatomical context of HSDB 6018

• This speculation is based on an RFLP pattern of ribosome genes that differs from that of Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, the fact that identically sized restriction fragments hybridized to the catabolic gene probe, and the absence of any enrichable 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strains in the aquifer prior to inoculation [19].
• In the uninoculated soil, degraders increased from undetectable levels to 6.6 x 10(7) colony-forming-units g(-1) dry soil in the 500 microg 3-chlorobenzoate g(-1) dry soil microcosms, but none were detected in the 1,000 microg 3-chlorobenzoate g(-1) dry soil microcosms [20].

Associations of HSDB 6018 with other chemical compounds

• Subsequent selection of kanamycin resistance-selected single-copy transconjugants for growth on 3-chlorobenzoate yielded colonies capable of utilizing this carbon source, but no amplification of the tcb gene cluster was apparent [9].
• We used 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and 3-chlorobenzoate (3CBA) as enrichment substrates to compare populations of degrading bacteria from six different regions making up two ecosystems [21].
• Reduction of 3-chlorobenzoate, 3-bromobenzoate, and benzoate to corresponding alcohols by Desulfomicrobium escambiense, isolated from a 3-chlorobenzoate-dechlorinating coculture [22].
• Catabolism of either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate involves enzymes encoded by the chlorocatechol oxidative operon consisting of tfdCDEF, which converts 3-chloro- and 3,5-dichlorocatechol to maleylacetate and chloromaleylacetate, respectively [23].
• 2-Chlorobenzoate, 3-chlorobenzoate, and 2,3-, 2,4-, and 3,4-dichlorobenzoates inhibited growth of MB2 on 2-methylbenzoate as a result of cometabolism to the corresponding chlorinated catechols which blocked the key enzyme catechol 2,3-dioxygenase [24].

Gene context of HSDB 6018

• Comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for catB with the corresponding sequences of the clcB gene (K.L. Ngai, B.F., D.K. Chatterjee, L.N. Ornston, and A.M.C., unpublished), whose gene product catalyzes the analogous reaction in 3-chlorobenzoate degradation, showed significant homology [25].
• R. eutropha containing the tfd (II) cluster alone or hybrid tfd-clusters with tfdD (II) as sole gene for chloromuconate cycloisomerase were impaired in growth on 3-chlorobenzoate, in contrast to R. eutrophaharboring the complete tfd (I) cluster [26].
• The deletion mutant BR 40 and mitomycin C cured strains were not able to grow on 3Cba and had reversion frequencies of less than 10(-10) cell-1 generation-1 [27].
• An Alcaligenes sp. BR60, isolated from surface runoff waters of the Hyde Park industrial landfill, contained a novel 85 kb catabolic plasmid (pBR60) functional in 3-chlorobenzoate (3Cba) degradation [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HSDB 6018

• This primer set and probe were also used to analyze isolates from 3-chlorobenzoate enrichments of the aquifer samples by Southern blot analysis [19].
• A PCR primer set and an internal probe that are specific for Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a 3-chlorobenzoate-metabolizing strain, were developed [19].
• Molecular cloning and expression of the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 [18].
• Analysis of the catabolic products of the enzymatic reactions encoded by two hybrid cosmids, pMW65 and pMW90, by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that both encoded the genes for the complete catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate [18].

References