Disease relevance of Monochlorobiphenyl

• We report that chlorobiphenyl vancomycin analogues that are incapable of binding substrates nevertheless inhibit E. coli PBP1b, which shows that these compounds interact directly with the enzyme [1].
• None of the compounds was mutagenic in the Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA-98 and TA-100 strains, either in the absence or in the presence of the S-9 liver fraction from Arochlor 1254 treated rats [2].
• These bacteria have the potential to interact metabolically because Pseudomonas sp. B13(FR1) can metabolize chlorobenzoate produced by Burkholderia sp. LB400 when grown on chlorobiphenyl [3].
• These experiments were conducted with a 10-microm marine scuticociliate (Uronema sp.), bacterial prey (Halomonas halodurans), and a suite of 21 CB congeners spanning a range of aqueous solubilities [4].
• This work provides proof of concept that a Rhodococcus strain constructed to grow on a PCB would grow in nonsterile soil if the appropriate chlorobiphenyl is available [5].

High impact information on Monochlorobiphenyl

• Aroclor 1248 induced microsomes mediated binding of 4-chlorobiphenyl to endogenous and exogenous nucleic acids, indicating a possible mechanism for the previously reported mutagenic action of this chlorobiphenyl [6].
• Elimination of Arochlor 1254 and retinol was determined using daily collections of feces and urine [7].
• Unicellular protozoan grazers represent a size class of organisms where a transition in the mechanism of chlorobiphenyl (CB) introduction, from diffusion through surface membranes to ingestion of contaminated prey, could occur [4].
• These results demonstrate that the cloned DNA fragments contain genes encoding for chlorobiphenyl dioxygenase (cbpA), dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (cbpB), 4'-chloro-3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase (cbpC), a meta-cleavage compound (a chloro derivative of 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate) hydrolase (cbpD), and a new dechlorinating activity (dcpE) [8].
• Cloning of a gene cluster encoding biphenyl and chlorobiphenyl degradation in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Monochlorobiphenyl

• For the Ames test, arochlor-1254-, beta-naphthoflavone/phenobarbital- and pyrazole-induced S9-fractions were used with Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TA104 [10].

Biological context of Monochlorobiphenyl

• Twenty-four chlorobiphenyl congeners have been measured along a pollution gradient both in sponges and seawater [11].
• A liver homogenate (S9) prepared from Arochlor 1254 induced male Sprague-Dawley rats was employed to mediate the biotransformation of the promutagen [12].
• The highest Arochlor 1254 concentration that did not cause observed effects (NOEC) on cell growth was 100 (48 h) and 25 ppb (96 h) [13].
• The susceptibility of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to Arochlor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was examined through toxicity bioassays based on cell survival and measures of oxidative balance and adaptive response to PCB stress [13].
• Detection of by-side CBs in technical Halowaxes demonstrate clearly that those formulations apart from a massive introduction of dioxin-like CNs become in the past also an early source of environmental pollution with CBs, which proceeded for around 20-30 years use of original CB formulations [14].

Anatomical context of Monochlorobiphenyl

• PC12 cells were incubated with hydroxylated PCB (4(OH)-2',3,3',4',5'-penta chlorobiphenyl, OH-PCB) at a final concentration from 10(-8) to 10(-5)M [15].
• A fingerprint of chlorobiphenyl composition in the samples examined was virtually the same for human adipose tissue taken in 1990 from the coastal city of Gdańsk and in 1979 from the inland province of Skierniewice, in spite of geographic variations and sampling intervals [16].

Associations of Monochlorobiphenyl with other chemical compounds

• In this study, we determined delta13C values of 31 chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners in 18 technical PCB preparations and 15 chloronaphthalene (CN) congeners in 6 polychlorinated naphthalene preparations using two-dimensional gas chromatography-combustion furnace-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (2DGC-C-IRMS) [17].
• Total RNA was isolated from untreated cells and cells 72 hr after exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Arochlor 1254 (PCB), and beta-naphthoflavone (beta NF) [18].
• In the presence of activation systems derived from control and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated hamsters and Arochlor 1254-treated rats only 2-naphthylamine exhibited a mutagenic response while its hydroxy-derivatives and 2-acetamidonaphthalene were devoid of mutagenicity [19].
• For all strains, B(a)P was mutagenic with metabolic activation (Arochlor 1254-induced Sprague-Dawley rat liver S9 fraction), TNT was mutagenic without metabolic activation, and pentachlorophenol was inactive both with and without metabolic activation [20].
• Anthraflavic acid was a potent inhibitor of the O-deethylations of ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin, both catalysed primarily by cytochromes P-448, in Arochlor-1254-induced hepatic microsomes [21].

Gene context of Monochlorobiphenyl

• These data indicate that regular meals of lower trophic level fish, such as whitefish from the Great Lakes, may distort steady-state human chlorobiphenyl profiles with respect to certain lightly chlorinated or labile chlorobiphenyls [22].
• It was also shown that when dextran solution or dextran solution with addition of Intralipid to the same concentration as the total lipid concentration in blood, were used as perfusion medium, there was no placental transport of the chlorobiphenyl [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Monochlorobiphenyl

• Clean-up and separation of chlorobiphenyl isomers after synthesis by Cadogan coupling using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography [24].
• In rat pretreated with Arochlor 1254, Vmax was 52 pmol/min/mg protein, whereas oral administration of ABZ increased the intestinal sulphoxidation of the drug, Vmax being 103 pmol/min/mg protein [25].
• Furthermore, it was shown that the placental transport of the chlorobiphenyl was strongly dependent on the albumin concentration, but independent of the gamma-globulin concentration in the perfusion medium [23].
• Bromo and chlorobiphenyl metabolism: gas chromatography mass spectrometric identification of urinary metabolites and the effects of structure on their rates of excretion [26].

References