Disease relevance of Di-syston

• The acute toxicity of the organophosphate malathion was also increased in disulfoton-tolerant mice [1].
• A study to understand the relationship between the dissipation of aldicarb and disulfoton in the rhizosphere region of bhendi and the microbial population revealed a negative correlation between the fungal and Azotobacter population and the residues of both insecticides [2].
• Encapsulated endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, methyl parathion, and disulfoton applied at the lowest labeled rates were not effective treatments [3].

Psychiatry related information on Di-syston

• Tolerance developed rapidly to the clinical signs produced by disulfoton, but not to the disulfoton-induced decrease in motor activity [4].

High impact information on Di-syston

• Chronic treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor disulfoton (2 mg/kg/day for 10 days) decreased the number of cholinergic muscarinic and nicotinic binding sites in rat brain [5].
• An increase in the Ki for inhibition of [3H]QNB binding by unlabeled oxotremorine was observed in forebrain from mice killed 48 hr after a single injection of disulfoton, indicating a decreased affinity of the muscarinic receptor for agonists [6].
• A single injection of disulfoton produced 74, 65 and 27% inhibition of AChE activity after 4, 48 and 96 hr respectively [6].
• Moreover, sulfaphenazole, a CYP2C9 competitive inhibitor, inhibited disulfoton sulfoxidation by CYP2C9 (IC50 0.84 microM) as well as in HLMs [7].
• Ticlopidine, a CYP2C19 mechanism-based inhibitor, inhibited disulfoton sulfoxidation by CYP2C19 (IC50 after coincubation, 43.5 microM; IC50 after preincubation, 4.3 microM) and also in HLMs [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Di-syston

• Previous studies have shown that subchronic treatment of mice with the organophosphate insecticide, disulfoton, or the carbamate insecticide, propoxur, leads to the development of tolerance to their toxicity [1].

Biological context of Di-syston

• Body burdens reached saturation levels within one week being around 40 mg/kg wet weight for thiometon and 60 mg/kg for disulfoton [8].
• These data indicate that, in spite of muscarinic receptor down-regulation that followed repeated exposure to disulfoton, animals become tolerant to only some of the functional effects produced by this chemical [4].
• Increasing rates of insecticide use against the coffee leaf minerLeucoptera coffeella(Guérin-Méneville) and field reports on insecticide resistance led to an investigation of the possible occurrence of resistance of this species to some of the oldest insecticides used against it in Brazil: chlorpyrifos, disulfoton, ethion and methyl parathion [9].

Anatomical context of Di-syston

• A significant decrease in the binding of the muscarinic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate could be demonstrated in ileum from disulfoton-tolerant animals [10].
• In fact, adaptive effects seemed more pronounced than degenerative phenomena resulting in only minor disturbances in hepatocyte structure following disulfoton exposure [11].
• The effects of repeated disulfoton administration (2.0 mg/kg, IP) were also examined in the hippocampus [12].
• Determination of disulfoton and its metabolites in the body fluids of a Di-Syston intoxication case [13].
• ChE activity and [3H]QNB binding were significantly decreased in the pancreas from disulfoton-treated rats [14].

Associations of Di-syston with other chemical compounds

• Sublethal effects of prolonged exposure to disulfoton in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): cytological alterations in the liver by a potent acetylcholine esterase inhibitor [11].
• On admission, the total plasma phosphorodithioate sulfone concentration (disulfoton and its metabolites, phosphorodithioate sulfoxide and its sulfone) determined by gas chromatography was 1095 ng/mL [15].
• Preparation of some toxic metabolites of disulfoton, phorate, and terbufos, their separation by thin-layer chromatography and confirmation by electron impact mass spectrometry [16].
• Acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited 71-77% in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats treated with DFP, and 73-74% in those treated with disulfoton [17].
• Microencapsulated organophosphorous insecticides. III. Some aspects on the volatilization of malathion and disulfoton from aqueous suspensions of microcapsules [18].

Gene context of Di-syston

• While hepatic microsomal enzymes appeared to be unchanged in disulfoton-tolerant mice, brain and liver carboxylesterase activities were significantly inhibited [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Di-syston

• Using a Frumin valve to effect this separation, the volume compressed in the Bear I ventilator was found to be 5.15 ml/mm Hg, and its compressible volume to be 3790 ml (range 3760 to 3806 ml) [19].

References