Disease relevance of Albetol

• Labetalol for hypertension [1].
• Labetalol and platelet function in pre-eclampsia [2].
• Apparent anaphylaxis from labetalol [3].
• The infusion rate of isoproterenol required to produce tachycardia was increased sevenfold by 800 mg/day labetalol and tenfold by 1600 mg/day [4].
• Labetalol had potent antiarrhythmic activity in the hearts rendered uniformly prone to arrhythmias by perfusion with a low potassium solution [5].

Psychiatry related information on Albetol

• Labetalol in the control of cardiovascular responses to electroconvulsive therapy in high-risk depressed medical patients [6].
• The mean daily doses of labetalol were 329 mg in the monotherapy group and 374 mg in the combined therapy group [7].
• This study examined the effects of labetalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, on acute physiological and subjective effects of intravenous nicotine and on tobacco withdrawal symptoms [8].
• Immediate effects of labetalol on central, splanchnic-hepatic, and forearm haemodynamics during pleasant emotional stress in hypertensive patients [9].

High impact information on Albetol

• Cimetidine and bioavailability of labetalol [10].
• Response of the systemic and pulmonary circulation to alpha- and beta-receptor blockade (labetalol) at rest and during exercise in hypertensive patients [11].
• Each agent was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 10-8 to 10-5 m and three different dose-response curve patterns were observed: (1) Metoprolol, acebutolol, labetalol, and d-propranolol had no effect on isoproterenol-stimulated renin release at any concentration, whereas pindolol and bufuralol demonstrated minimal inhibition at 10-5 m only [12].
• Influence of labetalol on cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction in humans [13].
• Based on 24-hour ABPM readings, labetalol reduced mean 24-hour diastolic BP (p less than 0.05) and mean heart rate (p less than 0.05) more than enalapril [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Albetol

• Letter: Labetalol and clonidine in severe hypertension [15].
• Intravenous dilevalol. Effects of the R-R optical isomer of labetalol in patients with severe hypertension [16].
• Multiclinic comparison of labetalol to metoprolol in treatment of mild to moderate systemic hypertension [17].
• Side effect profiles of the two treatments were different, with nausea being the most commonly reported side effect during labetalol therapy, and asthenia, somnolence, and dry mouth during methyldopa therapy [18].
• One hundred five patients with essential hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure equal to 101 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to receive prazosin (n = 52) or labetalol (n = 53) [19].

Biological context of Albetol

• Maximal exercise capacity after control of resting blood pressure with labetalol was studied in nine hypertensive men aged 34 to 69 years (average 52 years) [20].
• The exceptions include: those agents that possess intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and produce little reduction in heart rate and output; and labetalol, an agent that reduces pressure immediately (associated with the cardiac effects) because it possesses alpha- as well as beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects [21].
• Most beta blockers (including labetalol) reduce renal vascular resistance in patients with uncomplicated hypertension [21].
• Long-term therapy with oral labetalol, an alpha- and beta-blocking agent, has been shown to effectively lower blood pressure and heart rate without decreasing cardiac output [22].
• On the basis of this profile, it is proposed that labetalol lowers blood pressure in human subjects by three independent mechanisms: (1) beta blockade, (2) alpha blockade, and (3) direct vasodilatation [23].

Anatomical context of Albetol

• Cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels were reduced in uninvolved myocardium (0.31 +/- 0.01 and 0.24 +/- 0.02 versus 0.43 +/- 0.02 nmol/g fresh weight) and in the ischemic myocardium (0.38 +/- 0.02 and 0.34 +/- 0.04 versus 0.65 +/- 0.05 nmol/g) in hearts treated respectively with 5.0 and 7.5 mumol/liter labetalol versus control hearts [5].
• Labetalol also dilates blood vessels independently of these mechanisms [23].
• Thus, labetalol acts as a partial agonist on vascular smooth muscle [23].
• Acute effects of oral labetalol on myocardial conduction after coronary artery bypass grafting [24].
• A comparison of glyceryl trinitrate and labetalol as hypotensive agents in microsurgery of the middle ear [25].

Associations of Albetol with other chemical compounds

• Dilevalol, the R-R optical isomer of labetalol, a nonselective beta-antagonist with vasodilation from selective beta 2 agonism, was administered in sequential multiple bolus intravenous injections of 10 to 100 mg in total doses ranging from 35 to 585 mg (mean dose, 414 mg) to 101 patients with supine diastolic blood pressures above 120 mm Hg [26].
• Ambulatory monitoring revealed labetalol-treated patients to have significantly greater decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures during daily activity than prazosin-treated patients [19].
• Treatment with labetalol alone or in combination with furosemide, as well as methyldopa plus furosemide, was associated with significant reductions in supine and standing blood pressure levels [18].
• In this double-blind study, 20 patients were randomly allocated to receive increasing doses of labetalol (100 to 400 mg three times a day) or hydrochlorothiazide (25 to 50 mg three times a day) over a four-week treatment period [27].
• The patients' BP and heart rate were evaluated biweekly by trained observers unaware of the treatment status, and drug dosage was titrated (up to 400 mg twice a day of labetalol or 40 mg daily of enalapril) to achieve a standing diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg and a decrease of 10 mm Hg from baseline [14].

Gene context of Albetol

• Although pretreatment with an anti-IL-10 antibody and labetalol before addition of plasma obtained at T2 largely restored the TNF-alpha response in vitro, their addition post-treatment failed to restore the monocytic TNF-alpha response [28].
• 1. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and beta 2-partial agonist activity of dilevalol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilating properties and labetalol were investigated in two studies [29].
• It is concluded that labetalol and dilevalol are beta 1-adrenoceptor selective antagonists [30].
• Labetalol and dilevalol (both at > or = 10(-7) M) attenuated the spontaneous contractile activity of the rat portal vein and the attenuation to labetalol at 10(-6) M was abolished by ICI 118,551 which illustrates that the labetalol-induced attenuation is beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated [30].
• We conclude that the alpha 1-blocking property of labetalol provides an additional lowering of the blood pressure over that seen with beta 1-blockade alone, especially in the standing position, and this enhanced efficacy is not confined to one radical group [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Albetol

• Intravenous labetalol in acute aortic dissection [32].
• Labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agent completely blocked the increase in tissue calcium during reperfusion [33].
• This was an open-label, two-phase crossover study of labetalol in 11 patients with mild to moderate hypertension [34].
• Monotherapy with labetalol in the treatment of mild hypertension: a double-blind study [35].
• During a four-week titration phase, the labetalol dose was increased from 100 mg twice daily to a maximum of 600 mg twice daily to achieve a standing diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg that was decreased by 10 mm Hg or more [17].

References