Disease relevance of Soyasaponin

• Evidence that soyasaponin Bb retards disease progression in a murine model of polycystic kidney disease [1].
• However, soyasaponin I and kaikasaponin III showed some toxicity at the highest dose (500 micrograms/ml), though glycyrrhizin did not show toxicity at any dose [2].
• Soyasaponin II was more potent than soyasaponin I as shown by reduction of HSV-1 production [3].
• Soyasaponin II was also found to inhibit the replication of human cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [3].
• In this study, we evaluated the effects of soyasaponin I (Ssa I), a known inhibitor of STs, on tumor metastasis through studying a highly metastatic cancer cell line B16F10 [4].

High impact information on Soyasaponin

• In addition, ERK1/2 activity was significantly increased by 60%, and was determined to be necessary for B-group soyasaponin-induced autophagy [5].
• More striking was that, when examined by transmission electron microscopy, soyasaponin-treated cells exhibited an approximately 4.5-fold increase in cell morphologies characteristic of Type II non-apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) including numerous autophagic vacuoles, changes that collectively suggest autophagic cell death [6].
• CONCLUSION: Soyasaponin Bb can impede kidney enlargement and cyst growth in the pcy mouse model of PKD [1].
• Soyasaponin I and sapongenol B have limited absorption by Caco-2 intestinal cells and limited bioavailability in women [7].
• A potent ST inhibitor, soyasaponin I (SsaI), was discovered to selectively inhibit the cellular alpha2,3-sialyltranserase activity [8].
• Soyasaponin increases the level of monoamine transmitters in central nervous system and regulates the cardiovascular system [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Soyasaponin

• Soyasaponin III was weakly protective, while soyasaponin I increased the toxicity of t-BuOOH [10].

Biological context of Soyasaponin

• For monodesmosidic soyasaponins, the ranking in terms of antibody response was soyasaponin I (which has the highest HLB value (13.6) among the monodesmosidic soyasaponins) > soyasaponin II (HLB: 12.2) > soyasaponin III (HLB: 10.0) [11].
• Soyasaponin A(1), A(2), and I, group B and deacetylated and acetylated group A fractions had no effect on cell growth [12].
• Group A soyasaponins in different degrees of acetylation, as well as group B soyasaponins in both their 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP)-conjugated and non-conjugated forms could be separated and quantified using authentic soyasaponin standards, in one single run [13].
• Inhibitory activity of soyasaponin II on virus replication in vitro [3].
• Up-regulation of soyasaponin biosynthesis by methyl jasmonate in cultured cells of Glycyrrhiza glabra [14].

Anatomical context of Soyasaponin

• The antihepatotoxic activities of soyasaponin I and kaikasaponin III, triterpenoidal saponins isolated from Abri Herba, the whole plant of Abrus cantoniensis, were studied on liver injury induced by CCl4 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes [2].
• Soyasaponin beta g of these new soybean saponins was shown to inhibit hydrogen peroxide damage to mouse fibroblast cells [15].
• Fresh feces were collected from 15 healthy women and incubated anaerobically with 10 mmol soyasaponin I/g feces at 37 degrees C for 48 h [16].
• Cardiovascular effects of total soyasaponin in central nervous system and its relationship with monoamine transmitters [9].

Associations of Soyasaponin with other chemical compounds

• Two new oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, pisumsaponins I and II, and two new kaurane-type diterpene oligoglycosides, pisumosides A and B, were isolated from the immature seeds (green peas) of Pisum sativum L. together with soyasaponin I, bersimoside I, dehydrosoyasaponin I, and their 6'-methyl esters [17].
• Two primary gut microbial metabolites of soyasaponin I were identified as soyasaponin III (3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-ene-3beta,22beta,24-triol) and soyasapogenol B (olean-12-ene-3beta,22beta,24-triol) by NMR and electrospray ionized mass spectroscopy [16].
• This high quercetin concentration and soyasaponin occurrence makes the seeds of some Trifolium species a potential source of health beneficial phytochemicals, to be used in human nutrition [18].
• Use of a simplified HPLC-UV analysis for soyasaponin B determination: study of saponin and isoflavone variability in soybean cultivars and soy-based health food products [19].
• From the whole plant of white clover, Trifolium repens, five new triterpenoid saponins, designated cloversaponins I-V, were isolated together with four known saponins, beta-D-glucoronopyranosylsoyasapogenol B, soyasaponin I, soyasaponin II and azukisaponin II as their methyl esters [20].

Gene context of Soyasaponin

• Soyasaponin I, a potent and specific sialyltransferase inhibitor [21].
• Soyasaponin I inhibited the elevation of GOT and GPT activities [2].
• Among bisdesmosidic soyasaponins, soyasaponin A(1) (HLB: 26.9) with a long sugar side chain induced stronger total-IgG and IgG1 antibody responses than soyasaponin A(2) (HLB: 21.4) [11].
• Dehydrosoyasaponin I (soyasaponin Be) and soyasaponin VI (soyasaponin betag) coeluted under conditions of silica gel thin-layer chromatography and C18 high-performance liquid chromatography [22].
• The excretion of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols was significantly greater (by 105% and 85%, respectively) in soyasaponin-fed hamsters compared with those fed casein (P < 0.05) [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Soyasaponin

• A method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the negative mode is presented for the quantification and characterization of different soyasaponins using six authentic soyasaponin standards [24].
• High-performance capillary electrophoresis for characterization of hapten-protein conjugates used for production of antibodies against soyasaponin I [25].
• The coupling of soyasaponin to KSTI was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies directed against soyasaponin I [26].
• Saponin preparations, after pretreatment to remove nonsaponin components, are spotted in rows on a thin-layer chromatography plate, along with soyasaponin standards [27].
• Simultaneous identification of soyasaponins and isoflavones and quantification of soyasaponin Bb in soy products, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry [28].

References