The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Chemical Compound Review

Acridine orange     N,N,N',N'- tetramethylacridine-3,6- diamine

Synonyms: Euchrysine, CHEMBL81880, AG-F-65597, CHEBI:234241, NSC-194350, ...
 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of Acridine orange

  • The thermodynamic binding parameters for intracellular heparin-acridine orange (AO) complexes were determined for Furth murine mastocytoma cells and were found to agree with 1) results from binding studies on heparin-AO complexes in solution, and 2) with biochemical analyses of the cells [1].
  • The excess microbes (E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and C. albicans each have been used) were then rinsed off, and the vital fluorochrome, acridine orange (AO), was used for staining [2].
  • The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNCs) was measured in acridine-orange (AO) stained RNA-rich gill cells from male and female medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish of known body weight [3].
  • Immature fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) were compared with human fetal muscles and experimentally-induced regenerating muscle fibers using the acridine orange (AO) technique on fluorescent microscopy and histochemical methods [4].
  • Evaluation of Acridine-Orange microscopy and the Paracheck Pf rapid antigen-detection test in the diagnosis of Plasmodiun falciparum malaria [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on Acridine orange

  • The present result demonstrated that the simple and rapid AO supravital staining method is a valuable and easier method for obtaining dose- and time-response data for quantification of micronucleus induction by chemicals [6].
 

High impact information on Acridine orange

  • Cytoplasmic AO histofluorescence was abolished with RNase, but not DNase or proteinase K, indicating the relative specificity of AO for RNA species [7].
  • Quantitative analysis of double-labeled sections demonstrated that approximately 80% of TS-positive NFTs also were AO-positive, whereas approximately 55% of TS-stained SPs contained AO labeling [7].
  • Using vital fluorescence microscopy, the pH indicator acridine orange (AO) identified intense fluorescence staining of acidic cytoplasmic vesicles within fresh type II cells [8].
  • The AO vesicular staining pattern was similar in cells labeled with the lamellar body marker phosphine 3R and the phospholipid dye nile red [8].
  • Treatment of the erythrocytes with Diamide (Serva), which cross-links spectrin via disulphide bridges and thereby reduces lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins over large distances, had no inhibitory effect on Acridine-Orange-induced particle aggregation [9].
 

Biological context of Acridine orange

  • Apoptosis was observed only in the case of HL-60 cells, at FST concentrations of 5-100 microM, and was characterized by markedly increased sensitivity of DNA to denaturation combined with a decrease in overall DNA stainability, either with the DNA-specific dye DAPI or with AO, indicative of the activation of endogenous nucleases [10].
  • In separate experiments, RNA stainability with AO or EB was generally unaffected when interphase CHO cells were exposed to 42 degrees C for 10 min, though this same treatment resulted in a 26% decrease in RNA stainability with PY [11].
  • Necrotic cell death was observed at FST concentrations of 1 mM and at greater than 30 microM for HL-60 and MOLT-4 cells, respectively: in both cases the overall DNA stainability, with either DAPI or AO, was unchanged compared to the control, but their DNA was very sensitive to denaturation [10].
  • The results are interpreted as indicating thermal destruction of nucleosomal structure in nuclear chromatin; dissociation of DNA from core histones results in its increasing ability to intercalate AO, most likely due to increased topological freedom to undergo unwinding and elongation following binding of the intercalator [12].
  • BrdU-acridine orange (AO) fluorescence microscopy revealed do novo appearance of a late or early replicating, presumably genetically inactivated, mouse X chromosome in a substantial proportion of virtually tetraploid (XXY) or hexaploid (XXXY) hybrid cells [13].
 

Anatomical context of Acridine orange

  • The stability of the lysosomal membranes was evaluated by determining retention of the lysosomotropic weak base acridine orange (AO) [14].
  • Naphthazarin exposure caused leakage of protons from the acidic compartment, as indicated by relocalization of AO to the cytosol [14].
  • When AO-loaded cells are irradiated with intense blue light, AO soon starts to leak from late endosomes and lysosomes, partially shifting the fluorescence to a green, nuclear and diffuse cytosolic, one [15].
  • This allowed the electron microscopic identification of the granules and showed they are present in the unfertilized egg, although not able to concentrate the AO [16].
  • Lysosomes were assessed in normal living resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, using mainly phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), darkfield microscopy (DFM), and fluorescence microscopy (FM) after terminal acridine orange (AO) staining; these procedures avoided dyes during experimentation [17].
 

Associations of Acridine orange with other chemical compounds

  • The macrophages were labeled with acridine orange (AO), the electronopaque colloidal Thorotrast, or both markers [18].
  • Using confocal microscopy, PEF-induced changes in the integrity of the plasma membrane and nucleus were measured by recording fluorescence changes with propidium iodide (PI) and acridine orange (AO), respectively [19].
  • We conclude that AO might be trapped in trichocysts by the abundant acidic secretory components during observation with UV light, rather than by acidic luminal pH [20].
  • Using AO alone or together with the vital nuclear stain Hoechst 33342 (HO), we find that lysosomes are generally clustered around the degenerating nucleus and that such nuclei are stained an orange-red color, like lysosomes [21].
  • Chromatin parameters assessed included quantification of thiols, nuclear chromomycin A3 (CMA3) penetration, DNA breaks by TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and ease of DNA dissociation by acridine orange (AO) staining [22].
 

Gene context of Acridine orange

  • The growth fractions measured by Ki-67 and PCNA were compared and correlated with acridine orange (AO) analysis and tumor grade [23].
  • Labilization of the lysosomal membranes was further proven by decreased lysosomal AO uptake and relocation to the cytosol of cathepsin D, as estimated by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry [24].
  • NHE3 transport activity was assayed as the rate of appearance of acridine orange (AO) from AO-loaded vesicles in response to an inwardly directed Na(+) gradient [25].
  • Cell cycle effects were coupled with a significant increase of apoptosis, measured by the AO and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assays, from 12.9% (control culture with IL-6) to 21.2% (Sant1), 29.1% (Sant5), and 23.5% (Sant7) [26].
  • Total RNA content detected after staining with AO increased in M as compared to G2-phase cells, consistent with continued RNA synthesis during G2 phase [11].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Acridine orange

  • The fraction of cells in S + G2 + mitosis from 54 urothelial tumours was calculated by flow cytometry after acridine orange (AO) staining of cells obtained by bladder irrigation or biopsy [27].
  • Acridine orange (AO) after treatment without light induced recombinants, but reduced the frequency of spontaneous mutations [28].
  • An unidentified AO metabolite, which is not found in bile after retrograde perfusion (not formed in zone 3 cells), is also absent after retrograde perfusion in sorted fluorescent cells (zone 3 cells), indicating zonal purity of sorted cells [29].
  • OBJECTIVE: To look for correlations between acridine orange (AO) staining and semen parameters before and after sperm separation procedures and to assess whether the AO test predicts fertilization or pregnancy outcomes after standard IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection [30].
  • Combining AO FCM with prior cell separation increased the sensitivity of the method to detect abnormal cells to 0.02%, or 0.5 L3 cells per microliter of blood [31].

References

  1. Biophysical cytochemical investigations of intracellular heparin in neoplastic mast cells. Nakamura, N., Hurst, R.E., West, S.S., Menter, J.M., Golden, J.F., Corliss, D.A., Jones, D.D. J. Histochem. Cytochem. (1980) [Pubmed]
  2. A rapid micro method for the simultaneous determination of phagocytic-microbiocidal activity of human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro. Smith, D.L., Rommel, F. J. Immunol. Methods (1977) [Pubmed]
  3. Susceptibility of male and female medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish to spontaneous and X-ray induced micronucleus formation in gill cells. Takai, A., Kagawa, N., Fujikawa, K. Mutat. Res. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Maturational defect of regenerating muscle fibers in cases with Duchenne and congenital muscular dystrophies. Miike, T. Muscle Nerve (1983) [Pubmed]
  5. Evaluation of Acridine-Orange microscopy and the Paracheck Pf rapid antigen-detection test in the diagnosis of Plasmodiun falciparum malaria. Arora, S., Shinkre, N., Koppikar, G. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Micronucleus induction in mouse peripheral reticulocytes by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Suzuki, T., Tamai, K., Kodama, Y., Asita, A.O., Matsuoka, A., Sofuni, T., Kurita, M., Ohtsuki, H., Hiwatashi, T., Hayashi, M. Mutat. Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  7. Sequestration of RNA in Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Ginsberg, S.D., Crino, P.B., Lee, V.M., Eberwine, J.H., Trojanowski, J.Q. Ann. Neurol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  8. Inhibition of cellular processing of surfactant protein C by drugs affecting intracellular pH gradients. Beers, M.F. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  9. The mobility of intramembrane particles in non-haemolysed human erythrocytes. Factors affecting acridine-orange-induced particle aggregation. Lelkes, G., Fodor, I., Lelkes, G., Hollán, S.R. J. Cell. Sci. (1986) [Pubmed]
  10. Changes in nuclear chromatin related to apoptosis or necrosis induced by the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor fostriecin in MOLT-4 and HL-60 cells are revealed by altered DNA sensitivity to denaturation. Hotz, M.A., Traganos, F., Darzynkiewicz, Z. Exp. Cell Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  11. Staining with pyronin Y detects changes in conformation of RNA during mitosis and hyperthermia of CHO cells. Traganos, F., Crissman, H.A., Darzynkiewicz, Z. Exp. Cell Res. (1988) [Pubmed]
  12. Thermal stability of nucleosomes studied in situ by flow cytometry: effect of ionic strength and n-butyrate. Darzynkiewicz, Z., Carter, S.P. Exp. Cell Res. (1989) [Pubmed]
  13. De novo X-chromosome inactivation in somatic hybrid cells between the XO mouse embryonal carcinoma cell and XY rat lymphocyte. Takagi, N. Exp. Cell Res. (1983) [Pubmed]
  14. Cellular injury induced by oxidative stress is mediated through lysosomal damage. Ollinger, K., Brunk, U.T. Free Radic. Biol. Med. (1995) [Pubmed]
  15. Photo-oxidative disruption of lysosomal membranes causes apoptosis of cultured human fibroblasts. Brunk, U.T., Dalen, H., Roberg, K., Hellquist, H.B. Free Radic. Biol. Med. (1997) [Pubmed]
  16. Changes in intracellular acidic compartments in sea urchin eggs after activation. Lee, H.C., Epel, D. Dev. Biol. (1983) [Pubmed]
  17. Tubular lysosomes and their drug reactivity in cultured resident macrophages and in cell-free medium. Young, M.R., Gordon, A.H., Hart, P.D. Exp. Cell Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
  18. Discrepancy in assessment of phagosome-lysosome fusion with two lysosomal markers in murine macrophages infected with Candida albicans. Mor, N., Goren, M.B. Infect. Immun. (1987) [Pubmed]
  19. Leukemic cell intracellular responses to nanosecond electric fields. Chen, N., Schoenbach, K.H., Kolb, J.F., James Swanson, R., Garner, A.L., Yang, J., Joshi, R.P., Beebe, S.J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2004) [Pubmed]
  20. Secretory organelles of Paramecium cells (trichocysts) are not remarkably acidic compartments. Lumpert, C.J., Glas-Albrecht, R., Eisenmann, E., Plattner, H. J. Histochem. Cytochem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  21. Differential staining of apoptotic nuclei in living cells: application to macronuclear elimination in Tetrahymena. Mpoke, S.S., Wolfe, J. J. Histochem. Cytochem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  22. Effects of ageing on spermatozoal chromatin and its sensitivity to in vivo and in vitro oxidative challenge in the Brown Norway rat. Zubkova, E.V., Robaire, B. Hum. Reprod. (2006) [Pubmed]
  23. Comparative flow cytometric analysis of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in solid neoplasms. Steck, K., el-Naggar, A.K. Cytometry. (1994) [Pubmed]
  24. Uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages results in partial lysosomal enzyme inactivation and relocation. Li, W., Yuan, X.M., Olsson, A.G., Brunk, U.T. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  25. Acute hypertension provokes internalization of proximal tubule NHE3 without inhibition of transport activity. Yang, L., Leong, P.K., Chen, J.O., Patel, N., Hamm-Alvarez, S.F., McDonough, A.A. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  26. Cell cycle regulation and induction of apoptosis by IL-6 variants on the multiple myeloma cell line XG-1. Petrucci, M.T., Ricciardi, M.R., Ariola, C., Gregorj, C., Ribersani, M., Savino, R., Ciliberto, G., Tafuri, A. Ann. Hematol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  27. Cell-cycle distribution of urothelial tumour cells as measured by flow cytometry. Collste, L.G., Darzynkiewicz, Z., Traganos, F., Sharpless, T.K., Devonec, M., Claps, M.L., Whitmore, W.F., Melamed, M.R. Br. J. Cancer (1979) [Pubmed]
  28. Evidence that induction and suppression of mutations and recombinations by chemical mutagens in S. cerevisiae during mitosis are jointly correlated. Fahrig, R. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1979) [Pubmed]
  29. Separation of hepatocytes of different acinar zones by flow cytometry. Thalhammer, T., Gessl, A., Braakman, I., Graf, J. Cytometry. (1989) [Pubmed]
  30. Simultaneous assessment of sperm chromatin condensation and morphology before and after separation procedures: effect on the clinical outcome after in vitro fertilization. Angelopoulos, T., Moshel, Y.A., Lu, L., Macanas, E., Grifo, J.A., Krey, L.C. Fertil. Steril. (1998) [Pubmed]
  31. Identification of L3 leukemia and Burkitt's lymphoma cells by flow cytometric quantitation of nuclear and cellular RNA and DNA content. Walle, A.J. Leuk. Res. (1986) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities