Disease relevance of Bisbenzimide

• Cell cycle specific toxicity of the Hoechst 33342 stain in untreated or irradiated murine tumor cells [1].
• Cells can thus be sorted on the basis of their staining intensity (proximity to the blood supply), and varying the Hoechst 33342 administration protocol provides the basis for elucidating transient changes in blood flow that result in acute radiobiological hypoxia [2].
• We found no interaction of Hoechst 33342 with hyperthermia under staining conditions that gave good cytometric resolution of DNA distributions [3].
• Neuroblastoma target cells were stained with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, which enables rapid, sensitive detection of surviving cells in conjunction with trypan blue exclusion [4].
• Similar to hepatocytes, cultured liver endothelial cells exhibited blebbing, chromatin condensation and margination, marked nuclear condensation, and increased stainability with Hoechst 33342 when exposed to hypothermia/rewarming [5].

High impact information on Bisbenzimide

• We previously described a method for isolating murine hematopoietic stem cells capable of reconstituting lethally irradiated recipients, which depends solely on dual-wavelength flow cytometric analysis of murine bone marrow cells stained with the fluorescent DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 [6].
• By combining cell surface staining with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and Hoechst 33342 dye supravital staining, Matsuzaki et al. have succeeded in enriching hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) essentially to homogeneity [7].
• While experimenting with staining of murine bone marrow cells with the vital dye, Hoechst 33342, we discovered that display of Hoechst fluorescence simultaneously at two emission wavelengths revealed a small and distinct subset of whole bone marrow cells that had phenotypic markers of multipotential HSC [8].
• The use of a dye, Hoechst 33342, which stains DNA stoichiometrically, allowed the simultaneous analysis of immunofluorescence and cell cycle position of individual cells [9].
• Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that viable intestinal stem cells can be isolated as a side population (SP) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bisbenzimide

• We have used the combination of pimonidazole labeling of hypoxic cells, bromodeoxyuridine labeling of proliferating cells, and cell sorting based on Hoechst 33342 perfusion to directly study hypoxia and proliferation in human tumor xenografts and transplantable murine tumors in vivo [11].
• Using the bromodeoxyuridine/bisbenzimide photosensitization technique, we isolated a mutant clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells that requires mevalonate for growth [12].
• A combination of techniques, including intravascular perfusion of Evan's Blue, Bisbenzimide and Monastral Blue, and fluorescence and transmitted light observation of retinal wholemounts, were developed to examine the progressive microvascular changes in murine cerebral malaria [13].
• Human hematopoietic cells transduced with SF91m3 reliably express MDR1 before and after passage through NOD/SCID mice, as shown by quantitative PCR and efflux assays with rhodamine 123 or Hoechst 33342 [14].
• Treatment with TNP-470 and minocycline increased the permeability of the FSaII fibrosarcoma in vivo to the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 and increased the killing of both the bright and the dim tumor cells by cyclophosphamide [15].

Biological context of Bisbenzimide

• Conformation of B-DNA containing O6-ethyl-G-C base pairs stabilized by minor groove binding drugs: molecular structure of d(CGC[e6G]AATTCGCG complexed with Hoechst 33258 or Hoechst 33342 [16].
• The parameters included nuclei (Hoechst 33342), mitochondria (diIC1-[5] ), endosomes (lissamine rhodamine B-dextran), actin (fluorescein), and the cell volume Cy7-dextran) [17].
• By varying the concentration of Hoechst 33342 and the duration of the treatment period, it was possible to alter the position within G2 phase at which cells accumulated [18].
• Up to 85% of the cells in a culture of human diploid dermal fibroblasts (HSF-55 cells) could be accumulated in G2 phase by placing cells presynchronized in early-S phase in medium containing Hoechst 33342 at 0.1 micrograms/ml for 10 hr [18].
• When engrafting phenotypes of Sca-1(+)lin(-) AM(+) or AM(-) cells were further fractionated by Hoechst 33342 into G(0)/G(1) or S/G(2)+M, cells providing long-term engraftment were predominantly contained within the quiescent fraction [19].

Anatomical context of Bisbenzimide

• HOECHST 33342 was used to distinguish between quail and mouse nuclei in myotubes [20].
• Differential efflux of the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 from these cell lines defined a human breast cancer-resistance protein 1-expressing, verapamil-sensitive SP of candidate cancer stem cells [21].
• Viable tumor cell lines or normal lymphocytes were stained with the supravital DNA stain Hoechst 33342 (H342) and seeded into human bone marrow [22].
• When cultured hepatocytes were incubated in cell culture medium at 4 degreesC for up to 30 h and then returned to 37 degreesC, blebbing of the plasma membrane, cell detachment, chromatin condensation and margination, enhanced nuclear stainability with Hoechst 33342, ruffling of the nuclear membrane, and DNA fragmentation occurred [5].
• Finally, Hoechst 33342, a fluorescent DNA stain, was used to identify epithelial cells in mitosis [23].

Associations of Bisbenzimide with other chemical compounds

• Cell-cycle fractionation of UCB CD34(+) with Hoechst-33342/pyronin-Y demonstrated that survivin message was undetectable in freshly isolated G0 cells, but present in G1 cells [24].
• Fluorescence distributions of CE-enriched cell fractions following supravital staining with Hoechst 33342 were similar to those following chromomycin A3 staining of ethanol-fixed cells [25].
• This correlated with a significantly greater uptake of Hoechst 33342 in the D27 tumors compared with C6 wild-type tumors (P < 0.02, ANOVA) [26].
• Con A-treated mouse spleen cells were identified as being in the G2/M or G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle on the basis of propidium iodide or Hoechst 33342 dye bound to DNA [27].
• Fetal thymuses that were removed at 13 days of gestation and cultured for 4 to 7 days were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine and were then stained with Hoechst 33342 to quantitate the duration of the cell cycle and the number of cycling cells [28].

Gene context of Bisbenzimide

• The ABCG2 transporter is an efficient Hoechst 33342 efflux pump and is preferentially expressed by immature human hematopoietic progenitors [29].
• The multidrug resistance transporter ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein 1) effluxes Hoechst 33342 and is overexpressed in hematopoietic stem cells [30].
• We also report that in the presence of FGF6, the minor (0.5-2%) subpopulation of cells actively excluding Hoechst 33342 in a verapamil-dependent manner (SP phenotype) was increased to 15-20% and the expression of the mdr1a gene (but not mdr1b) was upregulated by 400-fold [31].
• We used gel mobility shift, super gel mobility shift, and Western blot to determine the fate of RPA during Hoechst 33342-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells [32].
• Western blotting results showed that both RPA-32 and RPA-70 were decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner after 1 h of incubation with Hoechst 33342 [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bisbenzimide

• We applied an approach to resolve the spatial organization that underlies these interactions by evaluating the distribution of hematopoietic cell subsets along an in vivo Hoechst 33342 (Ho) dye perfusion gradient [33].
• The suggestion of apoptosis was supported by electron microscopy, as well as by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 dye, and by examination of DNA prepared from the lesion site [34].
• Species origin was verified by human-specific bisbenzimide staining and in situ hybridization for human-specific Alu segment [35].
• Our studies suggest a potential use of Hoechst 33342 as a new topoisomerase I poison in antitumor chemotherapy [36].
• Human neuroblastoma cell lines were labeled with the supravital DNA stain Hoechst 33342, seeded into normal bone marrow, incubated with monoclonal antibodies recognizing neuroblastoma cell surface antigens (HSAN 1.2, antibody 459, antibody 390, BA-1, and Leu-7), and then mixed with magnetic microspheres coated with goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin [37].

References