Disease relevance of Nipabutyl

• Effects of the structures of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers on uptake of butyl p-hydroxybenzoate by Escherichia coli and its antibacterial activity [1].
• In immature Wistar rats, subcutaneous administration of butyl p-hydroxybenzoate produced a weak oestrogenic response at 600mg/kg body weight per day [2].
• Butylparaben does not have the potential to cause developmental toxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat at oral dosages up to 1000 mg/kg/day [3].

High impact information on Nipabutyl

• The rate of state 3 oxygen consumption was inhibited by propyl-paraben, butyl-paraben, and their chain isomers [4].
• RESULTS: Unlike the other three parabens, methyl paraben has no slip planes in its crystal lattice, and its crystals showed greater nanoindentation hardness, corresponding to lower plasticity, whereas its tablets exhibited substantially lower tensile strength than those of ethyl, propyl, or butyl paraben [5].
• Morphometric analysis of mice uteri treated with the preservatives methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butylparaben [6].
• These compounds are known to exert a weak estrogenic activity, with butylparaben showing the most potent activity among methyl-, ethyl- and propyl esters in in vitro recombinant yeast assay and in in vivo uterotrophic assay [7].
• In an in vitro yeast-based estrogen assay, the four most widely used parabens (namely methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparaben) were all found to be weakly estrogenic with the most potent (butylparaben) being 10,000-fold less potent than 17 beta-estradiol [8].

Biological context of Nipabutyl

• Percutaneous absorption of aqueous butylparaben through guinea pig dorsal skin was studied using a diffusion chamber [9].
• In this paper, we have shown that butyl paraben had an adverse effect on the male mouse reproductive system and that it damaged the late steps of spermatogenesis in the testis [10].
• The potency of butylparaben as an inhibitior of arginolysis or glycolysis and as a lethal agent was found to be greater at acid pH that at neutral or alkaline pH [11].
• Based on the results of this study, the maternal NOAEL for butylparaben was 100 mg/kg/day [3].
• Sprague-Dawley rats were administered butylparaben in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose by oral gavage at dose levels of 0, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg/kg/day on gestation days (GD) 6-19 (sperm positive day = GD 0) [3].

Anatomical context of Nipabutyl

• Evaluation of the effect of butyl p-hydroxybenzoate on the proteolytic activity and membrane function of human spermatozoa [12].
• Model drugs used were methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben, which are passively absorbed from oral mucosa and have different lipophilicities [13].
• The effect of butyl p-hydroxybenzoate on membrane function of human spermatozoa was evaluated using a sperm-tail hypoosmotic swelling test and supravital stain method [12].
• Butylparaben was found to be the most potent of the parabens in skin cytosol, yielding an IC(50) value of 37+/-5muM [14].
• There were no treatment-related effects of butyl paraben on the liver, ventral prostates, seminal vesicles, and preputial glands (both in terms of absolute weight and relative to body weight) in any of the study groups [10].

Associations of Nipabutyl with other chemical compounds

• A technique for the simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl and n-butyl p-hydroxybenzoate) and saccharin sodium using ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described [15].
• Compared with a typical acrosin inhibitor, TLCK, the inhibitory activity of butyl p-hydroxybenzoate to acrosin was much more effective (20 times) than that of TLCK, proving that butyl p-hydroxybenzoate was a potent acrosin inhibitor [12].
• 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies suggest that the hydrophobic alkyl moiety of butyl paraben is preferably included in the cavity, and the phenol group extrudes from the cavity [16].
• The insensitivity of ureolysis by intact cells to butylparaben can be related to the known high permeability of cell membranes to urea and the cytoplasmic location of urease [11].
• Decreased sperm number and motile activity on the F1 offspring maternally exposed to butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid (butyl paraben) [17].

Gene context of Nipabutyl

• The inhibition of the proteolytic activity of acrosin in human spermatozoa by butyl p-hydroxybenzoate was assessed by the gelatin substrate film method [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nipabutyl

• A good correlation (r = 0.92) was observed between the % spermatozoa with normal membrane function and the % live spermatozoa after treatment of the spermatozoa with butyl p-hydroxybenzoate for 1 min, indicating that the death of spermatozoa caused by butyl p-hydroxybenzoate is probably due to impairment of sperm membrane function [12].
• Only HPLC allowed the separation of butylparaben isomeric forms when CZE analysis was less time and reagents consuming [18].

References