Disease relevance of propane

• The studies are further extended to another species (rat) where the V1/V3 myosin isoenzyme ratio is altered by treating the animal with propyl thiouracil added to the drinking water (PTU); here the contractile protein alteration occurs with myocardial atrophy rather than hypertrophy [1].
• A Chirasil-L-Val capillary column enabled the separation of the D- and L-forms of the amino acids as their N(O)-pentafluoropropionyl 1-propyl esters [2].
• Female B57BL/J6 ER-beta(-/-) transgenic mice [knockout (KO)] and corresponding ovariectomized wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35.0+/-5.0 mmHg for 90 min) and treated with E2 (50 microg/25 g) or ER-alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT; 50 microg/25 g) following trauma-hemorrhage [3].
• The expression of S. pombe mag1 in E. coli confers partial resistance to alkylating agents that produce methyl, ethyl and propyl lesions, and Mag1 production produces 3MeA DNA glycosylase activity [4].
• DPPD but not propyl gallate prevented the development of myopathy [5].

High impact information on propane

• A progressive decrease in light-dependent transducin activity was observed when a mutant opsin with a replacement of Gly121 was regenerated with 11-cis-retinal analogues bearing progressively larger R groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl) at the C9 position of the polyene chain [6].
• DBI is a competitive inhibitor for the binding of [3H]diazepam, [3H]flunitrazepam, beta-[3H]carboline propyl esters, and 3H-labeled Ro 15-1788 [7].
• Dynamic and static quenching of 1,N6-ethenoadenine fluorescence in nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide and in 1,N6-etheno-9-(3-(indol-3-yl) propyl) adenine [8].
• Treatment of stromal cells with propyl gallate, a dual inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes, did not affect the ability of arachidonic acid to induce JNK activation [9].
• The apoptosis-enhancing action of mutant PS-1 was prevented by antioxidants (propyl gallate and glutathione), zVAD-fmk, and cyclosporin A, indicating requirements of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspases, and mitochondrial permeability transition in the cell death process [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of propane

• Pharmacology of methyl- and propyl-beta-carbolines in a hereditary model of epilepsy [11].
• Repair of single-strand breaks of DNA and simultaneous recovery of chromosomal aberrations were studied after treatment of barley seeds with the monofunctional alkylating chemical mutagen, propyl methanesulfonate in vivo [12].
• Methyl, ethyl, propyl, lauryl, and cetyl gallates showed antimutagenicity to activated 2-aminoanthracene (2AA)-induced SOS responses in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 [13].
• The toxicity of some of the more ubiquitous antimicrobial agents (sorbic acid, p-hydroxybenzoates, sulphur dioxide) and antioxidants (propyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT] is reviewed together with the role of metabolic data in assessing the 'safety-in-use' of these and other food-additives [14].
• BHA and other antioxidants, particularly propyl gallate and ethoxyquin, showed additive effects in inducing forestomach hyperplasia and cytotoxicity [15].

Biological context of propane

• Digestion with methidium propyl EDTA.Fe(II) indicates that these tetramers are spaced at 207 base pair intervals, i.e. one/repeat length of the DNA positioning sequence [16].
• Substrates containing choline but differing in the acyl moiety (acetyl, propyl, and butyryl) revealed that residues Phe-295 and Phe-297 determine substrate specificity of the acyl pocket for the covalent adducts [17].
• Subsequently, an adamantyl urea modified fifth generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer was synthesized as a multivalent host which contains 32 N,N-bis[(3-adamantyl ureido) propyl] amine binding sites [18].
• The structure-activity relationship study indicated that the third sulfur in the structure of OSCs contributed substantially to their bioactivities, and that allyl-containing OSCs were more potent than propyl-containing OSCs [19].
• The relative rate of the hydrolysis of 2-(5-n-alkyl)furoyl-alpha-chymotrypsin reaches a maximum with the propyl derivative [20].

Anatomical context of propane

• With guinea pig acini and 3T3 cells, affinity was affected by the chain length of the alkyl moiety (R) added to [D-Phe6]Bn(6-13)NH2R with relative potencies: propyl greater than ethyl greater than butyl = hexyl greater than heptyl greater than free amide, whereas in rat acini affinity was not increased by the chain length [21].
• Kupffer cells were the only macrophages showing significant MCP-1 release, which was markedly reduced by E2 or propyl pyrazole triol in wild-type and in ER-beta-/- mice [22].
• The propyl derivative 1,3-bis(9-oxoacridin-10-yl)-propane (PBA) was extremely potent and, at a concentration of 1 microM, increased steady state accumulation of vinblastine (VLB) approximately 9-fold in the multidrug-resistant cell line KB8-5 [23].
• Relative to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (egg yolk PC), transfer is inhibited or abolished when (a) the distance between phosphorus and nitrogen is decreased or increased and (b) a methyl group on the quaternary nitrogen is removed or substituted by an ethyl or propyl group [24].
• Administration of the ERalpha-selective ligand propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) to immature mice resulted in a significant increase in uterine weight, as well as bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in luminal epithelial cells [25].

Associations of propane with other chemical compounds

• We showed that At-PTOX is functional in tobacco chloroplasts and strongly accelerates the non-photochemical reoxidation of plastoquinols; this effect was inhibited by propyl gallate, a known inhibitor of PTOX [26].
• To test these hypotheses, female B57BL/J6 mice received E2 (50 microg/25 g) or vehicle after trauma-hemorrhage and female 129 Sve ER-beta-/- transgenic mice and ovariectomized wild-type mice received E2 or ER-alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol (50 microg/25 g) after trauma-hemorrhage [22].
• SHP is rapidly induced within 2 h following treatment of mice with ethynylestradiol (EE) or the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-selective compound propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) [27].
• The binding interactions of the CD-capped nanoparticles with a series of five alkyldimethyl(ferrocenylmethyl)ammonium ions (the alkyl group is propyl for compound 1, heptyl for 2, dodecyl for 3, hexadecyl for 4, and docosyl for 5) can be utilized for the phase transfer of the hydrophilic, CD-capped nanoparticles into a nonpolar chloroform phase [28].
• A new group of GL derivatives to be triterpene glycopeptides was prepared by the activated esters method (N-hydrohysuccinimide-DCC or N-hydroxybenzotriazol-DCC) using alkyl (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl) or benzyl (4-nitrobenzyl) esters of amino acids [29].

Gene context of propane

• D-Phe6-BN(6-13) ethyl amide, D-Phe6-BN(6-13) propyl amide, and Leu13-psi-Leu14-BN were partial agonists of the intracellular Ca2+ mobilization response of GR9 cells [30].
• This dichotomy was not limited to transfected cells, because the same result was obtained for D-Phe6-BN(6-13) propyl amide using human fetal lung cells, which naturally express the GRP receptor [30].
• These are a propyl pyrazole triol (PPT), which is a potent agonist on ERalpha but is inactive on ERbeta, and a pair of substituted tetrahydrochrysenes (THC), one enantiomer of which (S,S-THC) is an agonist on both ERalpha and ERbeta, the other (R,R-THC) being an agonist on ERalpha but an antagonist on ERbeta [31].
• Activation of ER-selective ligands (ERalpha, propyl pyrazole triol, ERbeta, diaryl-proprionitrile, and 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol) in organ culture experiments failed to induce apoptosis, as did the membrane impermeable conjugate E2:BSA, discounting the possibility of nongenomic effects [32].
• The propyl- and allyl-derivatives also exhibited high affinity at CB(2) receptors (K(i)=40 and 22 nM, with 40 and >80-fold selectivity over CB(1) receptors, respectively), but no activity at TRPV1 receptors [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of propane

• Fractionation of conditioned medium by sequential chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, propyl agarose, chromatofocusing, and hydrophobic-interaction HPLC resulted in the isolation of a 60-kDa protein capable of sustaining CEM growth in the absence of serum [34].
• In this study, we investigated the activity of an ERalpha-selective agonist ligand, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT), in several rat animal models to define the involvement of ERalpha in these biological responses [35].
• However, while the attempts with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were unsuccessful, rapid derivatization with propyl chloroformate and reanalysis by CZE at pH 11.5 was effective to support identification of the two indole alkaloids [36].
• ER-alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) (5 microg/kg), ER-beta agonist diarylpropiolnitrile (DPN) (5 microg/kg), or vehicle (10% DMSO) was injected subcutaneously during resuscitation [37].
• Thyroid-intact, EDS-treated rats were equally divided into three groups (n = 32 per group) and treated as follows: control (saline-injected), hypothyroid (provided 0.1% propyl thiouracil in drinking water), and hyperthyroid (received daily subcutaneous injections of tri-iodothyronine, 100 microg/kg) [38].

References