Disease relevance of benzil

• We present and analyze crystal structures of hCE1 in complexes with the cholesterol-lowering drug mevastatin, the breast cancer drug tamoxifen, the fatty acyl ethyl ester (FAEE) analogue ethyl acetate, and the novel hCE1 inhibitor benzil [1].
• Isolation and expression of a Bacillus cereus gene encoding benzil reductase [2].
• Recently, we isolated a gene responsible for benzil reduction, and Escherichia coli cells in which this gene was overexpressed transformed benzil to (S)-benzoin [3].
• These results suggest that intracellular modulation of carboxylesterase activity with benzil or its analogues may be applied to minimize the toxicity of normal cells to CPT-11 [4].

High impact information on benzil

• 3D-QSAR analyses of these benzil analogues for three different mammalian CEs demonstrated excellent correlations of observed versus predicted K(i) (r(2) > 0.91), with cross-validation coefficients (q(2)) of 0 [5].
• Benzil and 30 analogues demonstrated selective inhibition of CEs, with no inhibitory activity toward human acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase [5].
• 1,4-Dimethylputrescine (2,5-hexanediamine) was separated into its racemic and meso isomers by fractional crystallization of its dibenzoyl derivative [6].
• The addition of water brings about an increase in the dimerization rate constant and an associated increase in the amount of benzil that is produced [7].
• The benzil concentration, which is approximately 6.2 mol/L in the neat crystals, varies between 1.01 and 1.51 mol/L in the structures studied, corresponding to a 6-fold dilution [8].

Biological context of benzil

• Other important steps are the highly stereoselective Pd-catalyzed Heck cyclization of N-methylanilide 23a which led to the desired spiro-oxindole 24a, the fully regioselective intramolecular oxymercuration of 25a to the desired cyclic ether, and the remarkable oxindole N-demethylation of 29 via a radical mechanism by using dibenzoyl peroxide [9].
• Thus, this clone seemed to carry a plasmid encoding a Bacillus cereus benzil reductase [2].
• Finally, efficient triplet-triplet energy transfer from the benzil-doped polymer to the red-emitting phosphorescent dye Pt(II)octaethylporphyrin is established [10].
• The cytoplasmic acidophilia of degenerating hippocampal neurons was due to a protein rich in lysine (extinguished by alkalinity, easily prevented by deamination, and unaffected by benzil) [11].
• Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in negative ion mode and selected ion monitoring method were developed to determine [M](-) at 186 and 210 for chimaphilin and benzil (internal standard), respectively [12].

Anatomical context of benzil

• Arginine-rich proteins in spherical inclusions of human locus coeruleus neurons demonstrated by benzil modification [13].
• The effects of metyrapone, chalcone epoxide, benzil and clotrimazole on purified epoxide hydrolase were qualitatively the same as those on epoxide hydrolase in intact microsomes, but much smaller in magnitude [14].

Associations of benzil with other chemical compounds

• Recent evidence suggests that following visible-light (VL) irradiation, CQ and the CQ-related photosensitizers benzil (BZ), benzophenone (BP), and 9-fluorenone (9-F) generate initiating radicals that may indiscriminately react with molecular oxygen forming reactive oxygen species (ROS) [15].
• The effects of metyrapone, chalcone epoxide, benzil, clotrimazole and related compounds on the activity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in situ, in purified form and in reconstituted systems towards different substrates [14].
• The photolysis of acetophenone, benzophenone, 4-carboxybenzophenone and benzil was studied in air-saturated aqueous solution in the presence of alcohols [16].
• In order to obtain indications for the existence of more than one microsomal epoxide hydrolase the effect of benzil on this activity from rats induced with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, trans-stilbene oxide, and benzil was tested [17].
• A benzil and isoflavone derivatives from Derris scandens Benth [18].

Gene context of benzil

• Asymmetric reduction with B. cereus benzil reductase, yeast YIR036C protein and gerbil sepiapterin reductase will be utilized to produce important chiral compounds [3].
• Benzil, a potent activator of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in vitro [17].
• The method developed uses a reversed phase C18 column for the separation of MX derivatives, an internal standard benzil for method calibration, and a UV detector at a wavelength of 310 nm for analyte detection [19].
• The catalytic activity of immobilized catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) for two model peroxide compounds (dibenzoyl peroxide and 3-chloroperoxibenzoic acid) in a non-aqueous medium was used to prepare an organic-phase enzyme electrode (OPEE) [20].
• Two phenylated compounds of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), potentially inhibitors of diamine oxidase activity, have been synthesized: phenylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and diphenylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of benzil

• The structure of 1 was established by analysis of spectroscopic data, including absolute stereochemistry determined by circular dichroism analysis of the dibenzoyl derivative 2 [22].
• Radial immunodiffusion revealed similar changes in the amount of enzyme protein present, except for two cases, where the increase in amount was larger; and the enzyme seems to be inhibited by benzil [23].

References