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Gene Review

Try4  -  trypsin 4

Mus musculus

Synonyms: 0910001B19Rik, Td
 
 
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Disease relevance of Try4

  • Although the majority of the T cells contributing to the HSV-1 gD-specific proliferative response were of the Lyt-2.1+ phenotype, cytotoxic T cells (Tc), surprisingly, were not induced by these gD vectors [1].
  • This study reports the examination of in vivo and in vitro properties of an antigen-dependent murine cytotoxic T cell (Tc) clone T5/5 specific for type A influenza virus [2].
  • The Tc reaction to Sendai virus in (B6 X bm1)F1 mice engrafted with both responder type B6 and nonresponder, type bm1 neonatal thymus allowed maturation of Sendai-specific, H-2Kb-restricted Tc [3].
  • Graft recipients were evaluated for acquisition of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cytotoxic T cells (Tc) directed at donor MHC and minor H alloantigens [4].
  • The aim of this study was to establish whether cytotoxic T cells (Tc), raised against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the mouse, are specific to the strain of immunizing virus, or cross-reactive between virus strains [5].
 

High impact information on Try4

 

Biological context of Try4

  • High m.w. FL-conjugated polymers caused a dose-dependent increase in the production of macrophage activation factor (MAF) by anti-FL Tc clones, but did not increase MAF production by an NIP-specific clone [10].
  • Even though gD appeared to be a target for a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted killer cell, neither gD vector was capable of forming a target cell complex which could be recognized by class I MHC-restricted HSV-specific Tc [1].
  • Circumstantial evidence suggests that these tumors are infiltrated with DBA/2-specific pTc during the phase of progressive tumor growth and that it is these infiltrating cells that differentiate in oculi into the Tc that effect graft rejection [11].
  • Unlike Tc clone L4, T5/5 cells do not release significant amounts of immune interferon on contact with influenza-infected target cells nor do they limit virus replication in vivo, although they efficiently lyse influenza-infected target cells and can release interferon in the presence of concanavalin A [2].
  • These results suggest that Tc cells are generated following immunization with a soluble antigen which may participate in the down-regulation of primary B cell responses [12].
 

Anatomical context of Try4

  • Cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes recognize and lyse target cells and are thought to serve as an important defence against viral infections and possibly against neoplasms [13].
  • A wide variety of other lymphocytes, including those from thymus, spleen and lymph node, established lines of B cells and noncytotoxic T cells, and clones of T helper cells, had about 300-fold less esterase activity than the Tc-cell clones and far smaller amounts of the DFP-reactive 28K protein [13].
  • The mechanisms that enable cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells) to destroy target cells are only vaguely understood [8].
  • This was achieved by carrying out, in the generating phase, a limiting dilution procedure in which it appears that suppressor cells that inhibit Tc activation or expansion are too dilute to manifest their effect [14].
  • Such Tc cells can lyse TNP-specific B cells activated with TNP-KLH, but not with TNP-ovalbumin [12].
 

Associations of Try4 with chemical compounds

  • To address this issue, 42 H-2Kb-restricted, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) clones from C57BL/6 mice were characterized with respect to expression of different beta-chain gene segments in messenger RNA using specific oligonucleotide probes [9].
  • High m.w. (600 to 2000 Kd) polymers of acrylamide, dextran, or Ficoll conjugated with 300 to 800 FL groups/molecule bound specifically to anti-FL Tc clones [10].
  • The only RSV strain that appeared not to be recognized was bovine RSV, which seems unable to infect mouse cells; however, bovine cells, infected with bovine RSV and fixed with glutaraldehyde, primed mice for Tc which recognized human strains of RSV [5].
  • Tc line MJC-A2 was of unknown antigen specificity, failing to lyse targets infected with recombinant VVs expressing the RSV nucleoprotein (N), large glycoprotein, F, 1A, 1C, or partial matrix protein (amino acid residues 88 to 257) genes [15].
  • Depletion of total T, Th or Tc subsets in mice eliminated BCG-mediated antitumour activity [16].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Try4

  • The rapidity of orthotopic corneal allograft rejection correlated with density of Langerhans cells within epithelium and with acquisition of donor-specific DH and Tc [4].
  • H-2d/H-2b F1 mice (C57BL X DBA/2) primed by influenza infection lyse only H-2d target cells treated with peptide 147-161 while H-2b targets are recognized only after treatment with NP residues 365-379 (previously found to be recognized by Db restricted Tc cells) [17].
  • A study has been made of the effect of humoral antibody on the generation of specific cytotoxic T cells (Tc) in the spleen or lungs after intravenous injection or intranasal inoculation of infectious influenza virus [18].
  • The data suggest that one of the thyroiditogenic properties of these peptides previously shown by adoptive transfer of thyroiditis is related to the generation of Tc [19].
  • Cytotoxic T cells (Tc) have been shown to be important in the rejection of histoincompatible tissue grafts [20].

References

  1. Mechanisms of antiviral immunity induced by a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D: cytotoxic T cells. Martin, S., Moss, B., Berman, P.W., Laskey, L.A., Rouse, B.T. J. Virol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  2. Diversity in the biological properties of anti-influenza cytotoxic T cell clones. Taylor, P.M., Askonas, B.A. Eur. J. Immunol. (1983) [Pubmed]
  3. Thymic immune response gene function in radiation chimeras reconstituted with purified hemopoietic stem cells. Kast, W.M., Voordouw, A.C., Leupers, T., Visser, J.W., Melief, C.J. Eur. J. Immunol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  4. Langerhans cells, orthotopic corneal allografts, and direct and indirect pathways of T-cell allorecognition. Sano, Y., Ksander, B.R., Streilein, J.W. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2000) [Pubmed]
  5. Murine cytotoxic T cells specific to respiratory syncytial virus recognize different antigenic subtypes of the virus. Bangham, C.R., Askonas, B.A. J. Gen. Virol. (1986) [Pubmed]
  6. Genes of the T-cell antigen receptor in normal and malignant T cells. Toyonaga, B., Mak, T.W. Annu. Rev. Immunol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  7. Dominance of one T-cell receptor in the H-2Kb/TNP response. Hochgeschwender, U., Simon, H.G., Weltzien, H.U., Bartels, F., Becker, A., Epplen, J.T. Nature (1987) [Pubmed]
  8. Serine esterase in cytolytic T lymphocytes. Pasternack, M.S., Verret, C.R., Liu, M.A., Eisen, H.N. Nature (1986) [Pubmed]
  9. Preferential expression of a defined T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in hapten-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones. Hochgeschwender, U., Weltzien, H.U., Eichmann, K., Wallace, R.B., Epplen, J.T. Nature (1986) [Pubmed]
  10. The interaction of nominal antigen with T cell antigen receptors. I. Specific binding of multivalent nominal antigen to cytolytic T cell clones. Siliciano, R.F., Keegan, A.D., Dintzis, R.Z., Dintzis, H.M., Shin, H.S. J. Immunol. (1985) [Pubmed]
  11. Termination of immune privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye when tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes acquire cytolytic function. Ksander, B.R., Mammolenti, M.M., Streilein, J.W. Transplantation (1991) [Pubmed]
  12. Control of primary and secondary antibody responses by cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a soluble antigen. Yefenof, E., Zehavi-Feferman, R., Guy, R. Eur. J. Immunol. (1990) [Pubmed]
  13. A novel serine esterase expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Pasternack, M.S., Eisen, H.N. Nature (1985) [Pubmed]
  14. Primary in vitro cytotoxic T cell response to non-major histocompatibility complex alloantigens in normal mice. Macphail, S., Yron, I., Stutman, O. J. Exp. Med. (1982) [Pubmed]
  15. Recognition of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein by mouse cytotoxic T cell clones and a human cytotoxic T cell line. Cannon, M.J., Bangham, C.R. J. Gen. Virol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  16. Role of the immune response in BCG for bladder cancer. Ratliff, T.L. Eur. Urol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  17. Class I MHC molecules rather than other mouse genes dictate influenza epitope recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Taylor, P.M., Davey, J., Howland, K., Rothbard, J.B., Askonas, B.A. Immunogenetics (1987) [Pubmed]
  18. The effect of specific antibody on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the recovery of mice from influenza virus infection. Yap, K.L., Ada, G.L. Scand. J. Immunol. (1979) [Pubmed]
  19. Thyroglobulin peptides of specific primary hormonogenic sites can generate cytotoxic T cells and serve as target autoantigens in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Wan, Q., McCormick, D.J., David, C.S., Kong, Y.C. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  20. Are cytotoxic T cells a common homeostatic mechanism in responses to viruses, homografts and tumours? Ada, G.L., Yap, K.L. Blood Cells (1978) [Pubmed]
 
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