The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

Links

 

Gene Review

GHRH  -  growth hormone releasing hormone

Bos taurus

 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of GHRH

  • In Exp. 2, intracerebroventricular (icv) and intravenous (iv) injections of MEL (100 mug) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH; 0.25 mug/kg body weight), respectively, were performed simultaneously to examine the effect of MEL on GHRH-induced GH release [1].
  • Use of the HIV-1 protease for excision of growth-hormone-releasing factor from synthetic and recombinant peptide precursors [2].
  • Development of a recombinant bovine leukemia virus vector for delivery of a synthetic bovine growth hormone-releasing factor gene into bovine cells [3].
  • Modification of the carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence alters the Escherichia coli expression of a gene encoding multiple repeats of a bovine growth hormone releasing factor analog [4].
  • Average daily gain and days on feed were not affected by treatments, but TRF treatment increased (P less than .05) total intake of dry matter (DM) and feed conversion ratio: 3.00, 3.02, 3.08, and 3.22 kg DM/kg weight gain for control, GRF, TRF, and GTRF, respectively [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on GHRH

 

High impact information on GHRH

  • RESULTS: In the study case, circulating autoantibodies selectively decorated median eminence dopaminergic nerve terminals, as well as pituitary gonadotropes, but not GHRH nerve terminals or pituitary somatotropes [7].
  • At 18 days after plasmid administration, GHRH-treated animals had increased numbers of CD2(+) alphabeta T-cells (P < 0.004), CD25(+)CD4(+) cells (P < 0.0007), and CD4(+)CD45R(+) cells (P < 0.016) compared to controls [8].
  • At 300 days post-GHRH therapy, CD45R(+)/CD45R0(-) naïve lymphocytes were significantly increased in frequency (P < 0.05) [8].
  • The 5' flanking sequences of the two GRF genes were compared and regions of homology and divergence identified [9].
  • The mRNAs of the GRF genes are encoded by six exons interrupted by five introns [9].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of GHRH

  • After a 5-wk growth period, all steers were challenged (intravenous injection) over a 3-wk period with three levels of a combination of TRH + GHRH (0.1 + 0.01, 1.0 + 0.1, 2.5 + 0.25 microg/kg body weight, respectively) [10].
 

Biological context of GHRH

  • No adverse effects were associated with either the plasmid delivery or GHRH expression [8].
  • 8. Both basal and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion were unaffected by TTX, implying that the Na+ action potential is not critical for such release [11].
  • The venous injection of either GHRH (0.25 microg/kg) or GHRP-6 (2.5 microg/kg) significantly increased plasma GH concentrations in both 3- and 12-week-old animals, but GH AUC was significantly greater in 3-week-old than in 12-week-old animals [12].
  • The 5 cows in group A received GHRH analog during period 1 (from d 22 to 42 postpartum) and saline during period 2 (from d 57 to 77 postpartum), and those in group B received saline and GHRH analog during periods 1 and 2, respectively [13].
  • Growth hormone response to GHRH is modestly related to body composition but not to ADG in weanling beef heifers and likely has limited use in evaluation of growth performance in replacement beef heifers [14].
 

Anatomical context of GHRH

  • The [Ca2+]i oscillations seen in a proportion of the somatotrophs were modulated in frequency by GHRH and SS, and are probably generated by influx of Ca2+ through channels in the cell membrane [15].
  • We conclude that GHRP-6 acts at the hypothalamus to stimulate secretion of GHRH, and at somatotropes to restore and enhance the responsiveness of somatotropes to GHRH [16].
  • To test the hypothesis that leptin directly affects basal and GHRH-mediated GH secretion from the adenohypophysis, we examined the effects of various doses of recombinant ovine leptin (oleptin) on perifused adenohypophyseal (AP) explants and compared responses of tIssues from control and fasted cows [17].
  • Clonidine failed to alter release of GHRH or SRIH from hypothalamic slices, but stimulated release of GHRH from explants of hypophysial stalk [18].
  • Our first objective was to determine if stimulation of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors increases activity of GHRH neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and/or decreases activity of SRIH neurons in periventricular (PeVN) and ARC nuclei [18].
 

Associations of GHRH with chemical compounds

  • Similar results were obtained with GHRH, 10(-9) M, with or without atropine, 10(-7) M [19].
  • The special characteristic of all four GHRH analogs is that arginine was replaced by agmatine (Agm) in Position 29 [20].
  • After an additional 3 wk, steers were reimplanted and a second 5-wk growth period was followed by a single challenge of the 1.0 + 0.1 TRH + GHRH dose level [10].
  • Similar results, including significant stimulation of splenocyte responses to ConA, LPS, and PHA, were obtained in MT-hGHRH transgenic mice in which overexpression of GHRH leads to striking pituitary enlargement and massive elevation of peripheral levels of homologous (mouse) GH [21].
  • Blockade of SRIH receptors enabled clonidine to stimulate release of GHRH from slices of hypothalami, but also stimulated release of SRIH [18].
 

Regulatory relationships of GHRH

  • Therefore, we wanted to determine if GHRP-6 stimulated secretion of GHRH or inhibited secretion of somatostatin, or both [16].
 

Other interactions of GHRH

  • Predicting growth in angus bulls: the use of GHRH challenge, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins [22].
  • The K+ channel blocker TEA stimulated GH release above basal and GHRH-stimulated levels [11].
  • Clones and controls were challenged with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) (3 microg/100 kg body weight) and somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor [SRIF]) (1.87 and 5 microg/100 kg body weight) at 14 mo of age [23].
  • The interactive effects of VIP, PHI, GHRH, and SRIF on the release of growth hormone from cultured adenohypophysial cells in cattle [24].
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone-releasing factor (rGRF) or recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on growth and function of the first-wave dominant follicle and corpus luteum [25].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GHRH

References

  1. Effect of melatonin injected into the third ventricle on growth hormone secretion in holstein steers. Kasuya, E., Kushibik, S., Sutoh, M., Saito, T., Ito, S., Yayou, K., Sakumoto, R., Hodate, K. J. Vet. Med. Sci. (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. Use of the HIV-1 protease for excision of growth-hormone-releasing factor from synthetic and recombinant peptide precursors. Tomasselli, A.G., Mildner, A.A., Paddock, D.J., Wheeler, J.S., Kubiak, T.M., Martin, R.A., Moseley, W.M., Mott, J.E., White, M.C., Leone, J.W., Heinrikson, R.L. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  3. Development of a recombinant bovine leukemia virus vector for delivery of a synthetic bovine growth hormone-releasing factor gene into bovine cells. Mehigh, C.S., Elias, V.D., Mehigh, R.J., Helferich, W.G., Tucker, H.A. J. Anim. Sci. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Modification of the carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence alters the Escherichia coli expression of a gene encoding multiple repeats of a bovine growth hormone releasing factor analog. Trepod, C.M., Mott, J.E. J. Biotechnol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  5. Effect of human growth hormone-releasing factor and(or) thyrotropin-releasing factor on growth, carcass composition, diet digestibility, nutrient balance, and plasma constituents in dairy calves. Lapierre, H., Pelletier, G., Petitclerc, D., Dubreuil, P., Morisset, J., Gaudreau, P., Couture, Y., Brazeau, P. J. Anim. Sci. (1991) [Pubmed]
  6. Regulation of the gene expression of glucose transporter in liver and kidney of lactating cows by bovine growth hormone and bovine growth hormone-releasing factor. Zhao, F.Q., Kennelly, J.J., Moseley, W.M., Tucker, H.A. J. Dairy Sci. (1996) [Pubmed]
  7. Median eminence dopaminergic nerve terminals: a novel target in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome? Cocco, C., Meloni, A., Boi, F., Pinna, G., Possenti, R., Mariotti, S., Ferri, G.L. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2005) [Pubmed]
  8. Immune-enhancing effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone delivered by plasmid injection and electroporation. Brown, P.A., Davis, W.C., Draghia-Akli, R. Mol. Ther. (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Two genes encoding GF14 (14-3-3) proteins in Zea mays. Structure, expression, and potential regulation by the G-box binding complex. de Vetten, N.C., Ferl, R.J. Plant Physiol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  10. Roasted soybeans and an estrogenic growth promoter affect growth hormone status and performance of beef steers. Rumsey, T.S., Elsasser, T.H., Kahl, S. J. Nutr. (1996) [Pubmed]
  11. Whole-cell recordings of ionic currents in bovine somatotrophs and their involvement in growth hormone secretion. Mason, W.T., Rawlings, S.R. J. Physiol. (Lond.) (1988) [Pubmed]
  12. Postprandial changes in plasma GH and insulin concentrations, and responses to stimulation with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRP-6 in calves around weaning. Katoh, K., Furukawa, G., Kitade, K., Katsumata, N., Kobayashi, Y., Obara, Y. J. Endocrinol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. Hormonal and lactational responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone treatment in lactating Japanese Black cows. Shingu, H., Hodate, K., Kushibiki, S., Ueda, Y., Touno, E., Shinoda, M., Ohashi, S. J. Dairy Sci. (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. Use of growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone to determine growth potential in beef heifers. Auchtung, T.L., Connor, E.E., Barao, S.M., Douglass, L.W., Dahl, G.E. J. Anim. Sci. (2001) [Pubmed]
  15. Calcium homeostasis in bovine somatotrophs: calcium oscillations and calcium regulation by growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin. Rawlings, S.R., Hoyland, J., Mason, W.T. Cell Calcium (1991) [Pubmed]
  16. GH-releasing peptide-6 overcomes refractoriness of somatotropes to GHRH after feeding. McMahon, C.D., Chapin, L.T., Radcliff, R.P., Lookingland, K.J., Tucker, H.A. J. Endocrinol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  17. Effects of leptin on basal and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion from the bovine adenohypophysis are dependent upon nutritional status. Zieba, D.A., Amstalden, M., Morton, S., Gallino, J.L., Edwards, J.F., Harms, P.G., Williams, G.L. J. Endocrinol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  18. Somatostatin inhibits alpha-2-adrenergic-induced secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone. McMahon, C.D., Chapin, L.T., Radcliff, R.P., Lookingland, K.J., Tucker, H.A. Neuroendocrinology (2001) [Pubmed]
  19. Atropine blockade of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-induced GH secretion in man is not exerted at pituitary level. Casanueva, F.F., Villanueva, L., Dieguez, C., Cabranes, J.A., Diaz, Y., Szoke, B., Scanlon, M.F., Schally, A.V., Fernandez-Cruz, A. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1986) [Pubmed]
  20. Evaluation of the biological potency of new agmatine analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone in the bovine. Roberge, S., Johnson, H.E., Zarandi, M., Schally, A.V., Reeves, J.J. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (1992) [Pubmed]
  21. Immune function in transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone, GH or GH antagonist. Dialynas, E., Brown-Borg, H., Bartke, A. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (1999) [Pubmed]
  22. Predicting growth in angus bulls: the use of GHRH challenge, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Connor, E.E., Barao, S.M., Kimrey, A.S., Parlier, A.B., Douglass, L.W., Dahl, G.E. J. Anim. Sci. (2000) [Pubmed]
  23. Age-related changes of the somatotropic axis in cloned Holstein calves. Govoni, K.E., Tian, X.C., Kazmer, G.W., Taneja, M., Enright, B.P., Rivard, A.L., Yang, X., Zinn, S.A. Biol. Reprod. (2002) [Pubmed]
  24. The interactive effects of VIP, PHI, GHRH, and SRIF on the release of growth hormone from cultured adenohypophysial cells in cattle. Soliman, E.B., Hashizume, T., Ohashi, S., Kanematsu, S. Endocr. J. (1995) [Pubmed]
  25. Effect of long-term infusion with recombinant growth hormone-releasing factor and recombinant bovine somatotropin on development and function of dominant follicles and corpora lutea in Holstein cows. Jimenez-Krassel, F., Binelli, M., Tucker, H.A., Ireland, J.J. J. Dairy Sci. (1999) [Pubmed]
  26. Isolation and characterization of the bovine hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor. Esch, F., Böhlen, P., Ling, N., Brazeau, P., Guillemin, R. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1983) [Pubmed]
  27. Feeding reduces activity of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin neurons. McMahon, C.D., Chapin, L.T., Lookingland, K.J., Radcliff, R.P., Tucker, H.A. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (2000) [Pubmed]
  28. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin neurons within the porcine and bovine hypothalamus. Leshin, L.S., Barb, C.R., Kiser, T.E., Rampacek, G.B., Kraeling, R.R. Neuroendocrinology (1994) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities