Disease relevance of sodium

• Letter: Sodium depletion in accelerated hypertension [1].
• Letter: Sodium bicarbonate administration during cardiac arrest [2].
• Resolution of acute hepatitis C after therapy with natural beta interferon [3].
• Of 133, 21 (16%) patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) had hyponatremia (serum sodium, < 130 mmol/liter), compared to none of 130 (0%) patients with non-small cell lung cancer (P < 0.0001) [4].
• The IL-2 regimen produced progressive hypotension, azotemia, and sodium avidity (fractional excretion of sodium = 0.20 +/- 0.07 percent) despite massive fluid administration (mean: 18.4 liter per five days) and weight gain (mean: 4.0 kg) [5].

Psychiatry related information on sodium

• CONCLUSIONS: Sodium lactate induces flashbacks in persons with PTSD without comorbid panic disorder [6].
• BACKGROUND: Sodium and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) and endogenous digitalis-like compounds (DLC) in the brain have been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders [7].
• CONCLUSION: Sodium oxybate effectively reduced the symptoms of pain and fatigue in patients with FM, and dramatically reduced the sleep abnormalities (alpha intrusion and decreased slow-wave sleep) associated with the nonrestorative sleep characteristic of this disorder [8].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sodium oxybate is safe and effective for the treatment of cataplexy [9].
• gamma-Hydroxybutyrate/Sodium Oxybate : Neurobiology, and Impact on Sleep and Wakefulness [10].

High impact information on sodium

• Letter: Sodium flux, action potential and temperature dependence [11].
• RESULTS: Sodium saccharin treatment had no effect on the urine or urothelium in any of these monkeys [12].
• Autoradiographic localization of voltage-dependent sodium channels on the mouse neuromuscular junction using 125I-alpha scorpion toxin. II. Sodium distribution on postsynaptic membranes [13].
• In basal conditions, both groups of rats showed similar glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, but cirrhotic animals had lower sodium excretion (fractional excretion of sodium = 0.04 +/- 0.01% vs. 0.22 +/- 0.02%, p less than 0.05) and urinary volume (4.31 +/- 0.41 vs. 7.57 +/- 0.53 microliter per min; p less than 0.05) [14].
• A Novel Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor Prevents Elastase Activation and Surface Cleavage of the Epithelial Sodium Channel Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of sodium

• Hydrocortisone and Purinergic Signaling Stimulate Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS)-Mediated Iodide Transport in Breast Cancer Cells [16].
• RESULTS: Sodium lactate (0.5 mol/L) and hypertonic saline produced the same high incidence of panic and equivalent increases in panic symptoms, serum sodium, and plasma vasopressin in the panic disorder subjects [17].
• 4. Sodium pyruvate (50 mM) caused a significant intracellular acidosis but did not relax arteries preconstricted with NA [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sodium oxybate and modafinil are both effective for treating excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy, producing additive effects when used together [19].
• RESULTS: Sodium nitroprusside (100 microM) caused similar dilation before and after hypoxia (mean +/- SEM: 9.6 +/- 0.6% vs. 13.0 +/- 0.9%) [20].

Biological context of sodium

• Nucleoside triphosphate requirements for superoxide generation and phosphorylation in a cell-free system from human neutrophils. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and diacylglycerol activate independently of protein kinase C [21].
• Assuming that only one of the two catalytic subunits is phosphorylated and binds ouabain per (sodium + potassium)-activated adenosine triphosphatase molecule the data on phosphorylation and ouabain binding also give a molecular weight of 250, 000 [22].
• A Cysteine-scanning Mutagenesis Study of Transmembrane Domain 8 of the Electrogenic Sodium/Bicarbonate Cotransporter NBCe1 [23].
• BACKGROUND: Sodium butyrate, a product of colonic bacterial fermentation, is able to inhibit cell proliferation and to stimulate cell differentiation of colonic epithelial cell lines [24].
• In the cytoplasm these changes resulted in an increase in total monovalent cation concentration (i.e. sodium + potassium) during S, G2 and M, which returned to base levels after mitosis [25].

Anatomical context of sodium

• Chemotactic factor-induced activation of Na+/H+ exchange in human neutrophils. I. Sodium fluxes [26].
• Expression of a differentiated transport function in apical membrane vesicles isolated from an established kidney epithelial cell line. Sodium electrochemical potential-mediated active sugar transport [27].
• Vesicles containing a purified shark rectal gland (sodium + potassium)-activated adenosine triphosphatase-(NaK ATPase) were prepared by dialyzing for 2 days egg lecithin, cholate, and the NaK ATPase purified from the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias [28].
• Voltage-gated Sodium Channels Confer Excitability to Human Odontoblasts: POSSIBLE ROLE IN TOOTH PAIN TRANSMISSION [29].
• 5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of native purple membrane and solubilized BR from most Halobacterium halobium JW-3 cultures show 3 higher molecular weight bands in addition to BR [30].

Associations of sodium with other chemical compounds

• A more detailed study by two-electrode voltage clamping revealed that R282E-PepT1 behaved as a peptide-gated non-selective cation channel with the ion selectivity series lithium > sodium > N-methyl-d-glucamine at pH 7 [31].
• After 2 weeks of tracheal obstruction, however, chloride and sodium concentrations in amniotic fluid decreased (chloride = 76.7 mEq/L vs. 107.6 mEq/L, p = 0.0003; sodium = 109.6 mEq/L vs. 125.9 +/- 5.2 mEq/L, p = 0.019) [32].
• Electron Transfer from Sodium to Oriented Nitromethane, CH(3)NO(2): Probing the Spatial Extent of Unoccupied Orbitals [33].
• In vitro synergism between 5-fluorouracil and natural beta interferon in human colon carcinoma cells [34].
• 1. Sodium and water reabsorption were determined in virgin controls and rats at 9 and 20 days of pregnancy during a water diuresis induced and maintained by infusion of 2.5% dextrose and in normally hydrated women during the third trimester and again 2-3 months after delivery [35].

Gene context of sodium

• 6. Sodium orthovanadate had no effect on TNF alpha-induced U937 adhesion but dose-dependently enhanced adhesion to unstimulated HUVEC [36].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sodium azide at a concentration as low as 0.1 mM inhibited ethanol oxidation by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 [37].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sodium hyaluronate promotes migration but not proliferation or CD44 expression on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro [38].
• Requirement for ERK Activity in Sodium Selenite-induced Apoptosis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia-derived NB4 Cells [39].
• 5. Sodium valproate inhibited significantly aldehyde reductase, but not aldose reductase [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of sodium

• After 2 weeks of sodium restriction patients were entered into an 8-week double-blind randomised crossover study of 'Slow Sodium' (Ciba) versus slow sodium placebo [41].
• The dogs were then killed and sodium-23 NMR images of the excised hearts were obtained using a high field NMR imaging system [42].
• 4. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that Dac g 4-related proteins of similar molecular mass were detected in the majority of allergenic grass pollen species [43].
• METHODS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/Western blot analysis was performed [44].
• 1. Sodium channel current density was measured using the loose-patch voltage clamp technique [45].

References