Disease relevance of Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• Here we show that the RNA binding domain of the Jembrana disease virus (JDV) Tat protein is able to recognize two different TAR RNA sites, from human and bovine immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and BIV, respectively), adopting different conformations in the two RNA contexts and using different amino acids for recognition [1].
• The results firstly demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new type of the BIV/HIV-1 chimeric virus containing BIV gag-pol gene [2].
• The bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) gag gene encodes a 53-kDa precursor (Pr53gag) that is involved in virus particle assembly and is further processed into the putative matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) functional domains in the mature virus [3].
• These results demonstrate that BIV Rev activity correlates with the known function of lentivirus Rev proteins [4].
• Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) and the related bovine lentiviruses bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) utilize the viral Tat protein to activate viral transcription [5].

Psychiatry related information on Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• BIV ratings were significantly increased in PTSD at beclomethasone concentrations from 10-100 micro g/ml [6].

High impact information on Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• The Tat protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) binds to its target RNA, TAR, and activates transcription [7].
• A 14-amino acid arginine-rich peptide corresponding to the RNA-binding domain of BIV Tat binds specifically to BIV TAR, and biochemical and in vivo experiments have identified the amino acids and nucleotides required for binding [7].
• The arginine-rich RNA-binding domain of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Tat adopts a beta-hairpin conformation upon binding to the major groove of BIV TAR [8].
• DNase I footprinting analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that oligonucleotide probes corresponding to three regions, -1171 to -1142 (BI), -1136 to -1111 (BII), and -783 to -751 (BIV), bound proteins in U937 nuclear extracts [9].
• Structures considered are the three different tRNA synthetase complexes, the U1A spliceosomal protein with an RNA hairpin and the BIV TAR-Tat complex [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• The BIV tat clone can trans activate the BIV promoter effectively, as measured by the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, when transfected into bovine cells [11].
• In contrast to other retroviral MA proteins, the bovine immunodeficiency virus MA retains its N-terminal methionine and is not modified by fatty acids [12].
• Cis-acting sequences may contribute to size variation in the surface glycoprotein of bovine immunodeficiency virus [13].
• Further investigation on cell location of BIV proviral DNA was performed by in situ amplification of DNA on formalin-fixed tissue sections [14].
• OUTCOME MEASURE: Visual scores for BIV at each beclomethasone concentration [15].

Biological context of Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• An approach is described to the design of beta-hairpin peptidomimetic ligands for bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Tat protein, which inhibit binding to its transactivator response element (TAR) RNA [16].
• Sequence analyses of the polymerase chain reaction pol gene product showed 92.6 and 93.6% homology to the published nucleotide sequence of BIV R29-127, a molecular clone derived from BIV R29 [17].
• Transient expression assays using the reporter gene that encodes chloramphenicol acetyltransferase were used to identify cis-acting sequences necessary for bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) transactivation [18].
• We demonstrated that the cyclic peptide bound BIV TAR RNA with an affinity comparable to that of the RNA-binding domain of the Tat protein and inhibited protein binding to the RNA [19].
• Mutagenesis, RNase mapping, and chemical interference experiments indicate that bulge and stem regions of BIV TAR are recognized simultaneously by the BIV peptide and that the RNA adopts an unusual structure [20].

Anatomical context of Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• Activation of BIV expression can be detected as increased BIV reverse transcriptase activity, increased in the number of syncytia induced by BIV, and increased in the steady state level of BIV-specific RNA upon BHV-1 super-infection [21].
• The ability of BIV strain R29 to infect bovine cell lines in the presence or absence of a functional lentiviral Tat protein is described [22].
• Factors affecting monocyte migration and phagocytosis appear to be one or more breakdown products of the BIV Gag precursor, particularly those containing the p26 (capsid) protein [23].
• Genomic DNA, derived from semen and buffy coat samples, was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the gag, pol, and env genes of BIV [24].

Gene context of Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• BIV inhibited RNA function more potently than CIV and this was not dependent on TS or DPD activity [25].
• DPD activity and TS activity were not significantly different between the CIV and the BIV groups in the tumor and non-tumor region, respectively [25].
• In functional studies, the expression of BIV Rev was shown to positively regulate the appearance both of Gag protein, which is translated from the unspliced primary viral transcript, and of singly spliced env mRNA but not that of the multiply spliced tat mRNA [4].
• To further analyze the BIV rev gene locus, protein, and function, rev cDNAs were cloned and characterized [4].
• In the related bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), Tat recognizes its cognate TAR element with high affinity and specificity in the absence of CycT1 [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Immunodeficiency Virus, Bovine

• We examined sera from laboratory personnel at risk for BIV exposure, including two laboratory workers who were exposed to BIV by accidental injection with BIV-infected cell culture material, and found no evidence of seroconversion to BIV-specific proteins [27].
• Traditionally, IL-2 has been administered by three different routes: intermittent bolus injection (BIV), continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) and subcutaneous injection (SC) [28].
• Microinjection of purified DNA from BIV clone 106 or 127 into susceptible bovine cells produces virus-specific cytopathic effects, including syncytium induction, supernatant reverse transcriptase activity, and infectious virus particle formation, similar to the effects produced by parental virus stock [29].
• Both 104 and 142 antibodies were isotyped as IgG1; they reacted specifically with both BIV p26 and the recombinant fusion protein in Western immunoblot analyses [30].
• By 4 weeks postinoculation (p.i.), antibodies reactive to BIV gag- and env-encoded recombinant fusion proteins were detectable by immunoblotting in all animals [31].

References