Disease relevance of Parvovirus

• Treatment of parvovirus B19-associated polyarteritis nodosa with intravenous immune globulin [1].
• CONTEXT: Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy has been associated with fetal death [2].
• Capsids of the B19 parvovirus are composed of major (VP2; 58 kD) and minor (VP1; 83 kD) structural proteins [3].
• Affected animals had concurrent infection with the immunosuppressive type D simian retrovirus, analogous to HIV patients who develop severe anemia because of infection with B19 parvovirus [4].
• Sequencing of a 723-bp fragment of cloned viral DNA extracted from serum revealed that the simian parvovirus has 65% homology at the DNA level with the human B19 parvovirus but little homology with other known parvoviruses [4].

High impact information on Parvovirus

• We identified viral transcripts in parvovirus H1-infected rodent cells using the S1 nuclease mapping technique of Berk and Sharp (1977, 1978) [5].
• Association of parvoviruses with rheumatoid arthritis of humans [6].
• It has not been established that RA-1 and existing parvoviruses of mammalian species are related [6].
• Crystallographic studies of a related parvovirus (canine parvovirus) suggested the unique amino-terminal portion of VP1 assumed an internal position within the viral capsid [3].
• In neutralization experiments, in which erythroid colony formation in vitro was used as an assay of parvovirus activity, sera from patients with poor reactivity on immunoblotting were also inadequate in inhibiting viral infectivity [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Parvovirus

• Aplastic crisis due to parvovirus infection in pyruvate kinase deficiency [8].
• While evaluating the method, two previously unknown parvoviruses were discovered in the bovine sera used as diluent [9].
• In contrast, primary human erythroid progenitor cells express high levels of both P antigen and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins and allow beta1 integrin-mediated entry of parvovirus B19 [10].
• A human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus, as a eucaryotic vector: transient expression and encapsidation of the procaryotic gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase [11].
• These perturbants include polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C, a ligand of toll-like receptor 3), agents that deplete regulatory T-cell (Treg) populations, and a non-beta-cell cytopathic parvovirus (Kilham rat virus [KRV]) [12].

Biological context of Parvovirus

• Of the 17 subjects with the p red-cell phenotype, who did not have P antigen on their erythrocytes, none (0 of 11 and 0 of 6) had serologic evidence of previous parvovirus B19 infection [13].
• B19 parvovirus has been shown to persist in some immunocompromised patients, and treatment with specific antibodies can lead to decreased quantities of circulating virus and hematologic improvement [7].
• INTERPRETATION: The presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in cases of late second-trimester and third-trimester fetal death is common, and most are non-hydropic [14].
• Association of parvovirus B19 genome in children with myocarditis and cardiac allograft rejection: diagnosis using the polymerase chain reaction [15].
• Human parvovirus (HPV) B19 causes significant morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), but little data are published about the epidemiology of HPV B19 infection and its associated complications in this patient population [16].

Anatomical context of Parvovirus

• Persistence of parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial membranes of young patients with and without chronic arthropathy [17].
• MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients had giant pronormoblasts in the bone marrow (present in transient aplastic crisis caused by acute B19 parvovirus infection) [18].
• Thus, expression from the B19p6 promoter plays an important role in post-P-antigen receptor erythroid-cell specificity of parvovirus B19 [19].
• First continuous propagation of B19 parvovirus in a cell line [20].
• We report here that upon treatment with phorbol esters, K562 cells become adherent and permissive for parvovirus B19 entry, which is mediated by alpha 5 beta 1 integrins, but only in their high-affinity conformation [10].

Gene context of Parvovirus

• The results suggest that the activity of complexes formed by the NS polypeptides and recruited cellular factors restrict parvovirus DNA amplification in a cell type-dependent manner and that NS functions may in addition determine MVM host range acting at postencapsidation steps of viral maturation [21].
• Furthermore, these data suggest novel mechanisms whereby parvovirus B19 infection may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis and unsuccessful pregnancy [22].
• Experiments were performed to determine at which level parvovirus expression is up-regulated in ras transformants [23].
• Altogether, these data show that the IL-2 expressing H1 vector was a more potent antineoplastic agent than the parental virus, and point to the possible application of recombinant autonomous parvoviruses toward therapy of some human tumors [24].
• The sequence shows extensive homology with other parvoviruses such as MVM, H-1, CPV, and FPV in the capsid coding region [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parvovirus

• The sensitivity of conventional diagnostic procedures for intrauterine fetal death could be greatly improved by addition of parvovirus B19 PCR [14].
• It has been shown previously that infection of newly established cell cultures from malignant human tumors with adeno-associated parvovirus type 2 or type 5 results in growth arrest and cell death [26].
• Gene therapy vectors have been developed from autonomous rodent parvoviruses that carry a therapeutic gene or a marker gene in place of the genes encoding the capsid proteins [27].
• Cynomolgus monkeys may be a suitable animal model for pathogenesis studies of parvovirus B19 [28].
• Partial proteolysis mapping and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of tryptic peptide digests revealed extensive amino acid sequence homology between the two major Kilham rat virus capsid proteins [29].

References