Disease relevance of Erythroid Cells

• Normal erythroid cells and both uninduced and induced erythroleukemia cells were stained with the leukemia-specific fluorescent probe merocyanine 540 and its analogs [1].
• In this report, we demonstrate that human FLVCR exports cytoplasmic heme and hypothesize that human FLVCR is required on developing erythroid cells to protect them from heme toxicity [2].
• In vitro-derived leukemic erythroid cell lines induced by a raf- and myc-containing retrovirus differentiate in response to erythropoietin [3].
• Hydroxyurea increases fetal hemoglobin in cultured erythroid cells derived from normal individuals and patients with sickle cell anemia or beta-thalassemia [4].
• It was recently found that homozygosity for the VHL Arg200Trp mutation is the cause of Chuvash polycythemia, an autosomal recessive polycythemic disorder characterized by elevated serum Epo and hypersensitivity of erythroid cells to Epo [5].

Psychiatry related information on Erythroid Cells

• The human G gamma-globin and beta-globin genes are expressed in erythroid cells at different stages of human development, and previous studies have shown that the two cloned genes are also expressed in a differential stage-specific manner in transgenic mice [6].

High impact information on Erythroid Cells

• This mutation impairs the promoter activity in erythroid cells by disrupting a binding site for the GATA1 erythroid transcription factor [7].
• In expression studies, the activity of the mutant enzyme was reduced relative to that of the wild type, and this reduction was comparable to that in erythroid cells of the proband during relapse of the anemia; the enzyme activity expressed in the presence of pyridoxine was comparable to that in the proband's marrow cells during remission [8].
• Erythropoietin (EPO) regulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells through interaction with its receptor (EPOR) [9].
• A 5' element of the chicken beta-globin domain serves as an insulator in human erythroid cells and protects against position effect in Drosophila [10].
• A monoclonal antibody to the chicken transferrin receptor (JS-8) blocked temperature-induced and spontaneous differentiation of avian erythroid cells transformed by ts- and wt-retroviral oncogenes [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Erythroid Cells

• The mRNA expression levels of the beta/delta-SCI1 gene in infected, dimethyl sulfoxide-induced murine erythroleukemia cells approached 85% of the endogenous murine beta maj-globin mRNA, on a per gene basis, evidence that high gene expression levels were achieved in adult erythroid cells [12].
• The Friend virus-infected murine erythroleukemia cell can be induced to differentiate along erythroid cells in culture with various compounds, including dimethyl sulfoxide [13].
• The avian retrovirus oncogene v-ski was analysed for its ability to alter the differentiation program of erythroid cells and to cooperate with tyrosine kinase oncogenes in leukemogenesis [14].
• The erythroleukemia-inducing Friend spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) encodes a unique envelope glycoprotein which allows erythroid cells to proliferate and differentiate in the absence of erythropoietin (Epo) [15].
• We have investigated the expression of the genes c-myb, c-myc, and alpha globin in murine erythroid cells at different stages of development, in viral-induced erythroleukemias, as well as in two mouse erythroleukemia cell lines that can be induced to terminally differentiate when exposed to dimethylsulfoxide [16].

Biological context of Erythroid Cells

• Using chromosome-X-inactivation of a GATA-1 transgene and chimaeric animals, we show that this defect is intrinsic to erythroid cells, but nevertheless cell nonautonomous [17].
• A truncated erythropoietin receptor that fails to prevent programmed cell death of erythroid cells [18].
• The absence of epsilon gene expression in definitive erythroid cells suggests that the developmental regulation of the epsilon-globin gene depends only on the presence of the LCR and the epsilon-globin gene itself (that is, an autonomous negative control mechanism) [19].
• Previous experiments suggested that beta-globin 3' sequences were important for expression in mouse fetal and adult erythroid cells, and in this paper we directly demonstrate the presence of an enhancer in the 3'-flanking region of the gene [20].
• A hygromycin B resistance (hygro(R)) gene was inserted into the human beta-globin LCR on chromosome 11 in a mouse/human hybrid erythroid cell line that expresses the human beta-globin gene after the induction of differentiation [21].

Anatomical context of Erythroid Cells

• In three established cell lines derived from adult non-erythroid tissue, low levels of transcription of the epsilon-globin gene occur, but the RNA molecules originate exclusively from one of the upstream sites identified in erythroid cells [22].
• Biochemical analysis of extracts prepared from both nonerythroid and a variety of erythroid cell types suggests that NF-E4 is the trans-acting factor that confers definitive erythrocyte stage-specific transcriptional activation to the adult beta-globin gene [23].
• Remarkably, ectopic coexpression of Myb and NF-M proteins in erythroid cells or fibroblasts was sufficient to induce endogenous markers of myeloid differentiation, like the mim-1 and lysozyme genes [24].
• This leads us to propose a model for the insulator's ability to protect against extinction in the transformed cell lines and to function as a chromatin boundary for the chicken beta-globin locus in normal erythroid cells [25].
• Interestingly, Lcrf1 null ES cells injected into wild-type blastocysts contributed to all mesodermally derived tissues examined, including erythroid cells producing hemoglobin [26].

Associations of Erythroid Cells with chemical compounds

• Binding of merocyanine 540 to normal and leukemic erythroid cells [1].
• Lyn tyrosine kinase is essential for erythropoietin-induced differentiation of J2E erythroid cells [27].
• Moreover, EPC's and early erythroid cells also synthesize tRNA and a presumed Hb-mRNA which has been identified by its sedimentation rate at 9-12 s and its content of polyadenylic acid [28].
• Canavanine inhibits vimentin assembly but not its synthesis in chicken embryo erythroid cells [29].
• Here we show that incubation of chicken embryo erythroid cells in a medium in which arginine has been substituted by its amino acid analogue, canavanine, results in the inhibition of the posttranslational assembly of vimentin into the TX-100-insoluble filaments [29].

Gene context of Erythroid Cells

• One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins, which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity, are coexpressed in erythroid cells [30].
• The addition of anti-gp130 monoclonal antibodies but not anti-EPO antibody to the same culture completely abrogated the generation of erythroid cells [31].
• This observation suggested that differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to erythroid cells progressed according to an intrinsic program and that EPO receptor (EPOR) could be replaced by other cytokine receptors [32].
• How the GATA-1-FOG-1 complex controls the expression of distinct sets of gene in megakaryocytes and erythroid cells is not understood [33].
• Isolation of DNA-binding sites by CASTing and band shift assays demonstrates the presence of an oligomeric complex involving Lmo2 which can bind to a bipartite DNA motif comprising two E-box sequences approximately 10 bp apart, which is distinct from that found in erythroid cells [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Erythroid Cells

• Using the gel mobility shift assay and a monoclonal antibody that blocks specific binding to the G-string, we have identified a specific protein, BGP1, that is found only in chicken erythroid cells and appears at the same time, or shortly before, the changes in chromatin structure [35].
• In contrast, continuous labeling of erythroid cells with [35S]methionine, and immunoprecipitation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin, reveals that newly synthesized ankyrin and spectrin are partitioned into both the cytoskeletal and Triton X-100 soluble fractions [36].
• Moreover, in situ hybridization experiments showed that HGF receptor mRNA is highly expressed in embryonic erythroid cells (megaloblasts) [37].
• Northern blot analyses with erythroid cell lines expressing different beta-like globin genes showed that, whereas the beta-subunit is expressed at similar levels, high-level expression of the alpha-subunit is preferentially observed in erythroid cells expressing gamma-globin but not those expressing beta-globin [38].
• Analysis of clonal erythroid cells of secondary spleen colonies from mice that underwent transplantation demonstrated an increased resistance of the larger LCR vector to stable and variegating position effects [39].

References