Disease relevance of Quadruplets

• Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a mother to her preterm quadruplet infants [1].
• Baby C, of a set of quadruplets, died of MRSA sepsis [2].

High impact information on Quadruplets

• Evidence is provided for a genetic code in which AGA codes for serine and the quadruplet ATAA is used in initiation of translation [3].
• We show that in cultured rat hippocampal neurons a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated potentiation process and a calcineurin-mediated depression process can be activated concomitantly by spike triplets or quadruplets [4].
• The Quadruplet Translocation Model proposes that suppressor tRNAs cause frameshifting by recognizing an expanded mRNA codon [5].
• Systematic mutagenesis of both suprabranch guanosine quadruplets (G(4)) revealed a key role of central G residues in splicing enhancement, whereas cytosines in these positions had the most prominent repressive effects [6].
• 31P NMR spectra of neutralized perchloric acid extracts of spinach leaves showed well defined multipeak resonances (quadruplet) of intracellular phytate [7].

Biological context of Quadruplets

• CONCLUSION: Mild and severe pregnancy-related hypertensive disease increases progressively with advancing fetal number from singleton to triplets but is not further increased in quadruplet pregnancies [8].
• A quadruplet pregnancy following ovulation induction with pulsatile luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [9].
• SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Israel. PATIENTS: Seventy-two patients with multifetal pregnancies: 2 twins, 27 triplets, 26 quadruplets, 10 quintuplets, 3 sextuplets, 1 septuplet, 2 nontuplets, and one pregnancy with 12 fetuses [10].

Anatomical context of Quadruplets

• Alpha-Fetoprotein has been determined in cord blood fron mono- and dizygotic twins and in a case of quadruplets [11].
• METHODS: Retrospective analysis of maternal and neonatal medical records of 58 singleton, 31 twin, 22 triplet and five quadruplet pregnancies diagnosed at 7-8 weeks gestation following 561 embryo transfer procedures in 628 oocyte collections at the IVF Center in the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait from July 1994 to December 1996 [12].

Associations of Quadruplets with chemical compounds

• Limitation for isoleucine provokes frameshifting when the quadruplet is followed by either isoleucine codon aua or auc, but not when it is followed by a lysine codon [13].
• With this mRNA-tRNA combination and at least partial inactivation of release factor 1, the UAGA quadruplet specifies a leucine residue with an efficiency of 13 to 26 % [14].
• Changes in specific amino acid quadruplets in V1, V2, C3, V4, V5, and CD4 domains of gp120 and gp40 were seen to correlate with the neutralization clusters with most of the specific changes occurring in the V4 region [15].
• Evidence is presented which suggests that when there is a purine base at position 32 of this 5' flanking tRNA, it influences decoding of the UAGA quadruplet [14].
• A single 2'-hydroxyl group converts B-DNA to A-DNA. Crystal structure of the DNA-RNA chimeric decamer duplex d(CCGGC)r(G)d(CCGG) with a novel intermolecular G-C base-paired quadruplet [16].

Gene context of Quadruplets

• The first gene in the quadruplet, epsilon I, shows unexpectedly high homology with the human epsilon globin gene both in coding and non-coding regions, and encodes a globin protein that is 90% homologous to human epsilon [17].
• Two other mutants of argV, inferred to have normal-size, seven-base anticodon loops, were also found to be capable of four-base-decoding demonstrating that quadruplet translocation promoted by mutant argV does not require an enlarged anticodon loop [18].
• Surveillance cultures of the anterior nares of all patients and the quadruplets' parents were performed to detect MRSA carriage [1].
• As the D. yakuba COI gene lacks a standard translation initiation codon, we consider the possibility that the quadruplet ATAA may serve this function [19].
• Limitation for lysine-tRNA provokes leftward frameshifting when the slippery quadruplet is followed by either lysine codon aag or aaa, but not when followed by an isoleucine or leucine codon [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Quadruplets

• The distribution of singleton, twin, triplet, quadruplet deliveries for IVF and ICSI combined was 73.7, 23.9, 2.3 and 0.1% [20].
• OBJECTIVE: To review terbutaline pump tocolytic therapy as part of the management of high-order multiple gestations (triplet and quadruplet pregnancies) [21].
• Use of markers to identify the site of injection in fetuses from litters up to quadruplets, and immunohistochemistry to detect the DNA label, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), confirmed the procedure was successful in 85% of cases [22].

References