Disease relevance of Tocolysis

• These data suggest that block of capacitative calcium entry may be an important mechanism of action when nifedipine is clinically used for tocolysis of preterm labor [1].
• CONCLUSION: The use of oral terbutaline after successful parenteral tocolysis failed to reduce the rate of preterm birth [2].
• Influence of the beta-1 selective blocker, metoprolol, on the development of pulmonary edema in tocolytic therapy [3].
• Indomethacin tocolysis and intraventricular hemorrhage [4].
• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association of indomethacin tocolysis with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis [5].

High impact information on Tocolysis

• These findings suggest that premature fetal DA closure or neonatal patent DA observed following indomethacin tocolysis in women may result from the inhibition of COX-2 [6].
• Nineteen patients had received no tocolysis (controls, group I) and 21 had been treated with fenoterol (<48 h in 10, group II; > or = 48 h in 11, group III) [7].
• Intravenous tocolysis with the beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist fenoterol leads to complete desensitization of the beta-adrenergic receptor system [7].
• Self-limitation of intravenous tocolysis with beta2-adrenergic agonists is mediated through receptor G protein uncoupling [7].
• In contrast, only 37 of 50 women carrying 1 or 2 glycine alleles (74%) had delivery delayed by more than 48 hours with tocolysis [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tocolysis

• The results suggest that oral ritodrine maintenance will decrease the incidence of recurrent preterm labor in patients who have had initial successful tocolysis [9].
• Two patients in premature labor were treated continuously for six and 13 weeks with intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for tocolysis [10].
• STUDY DESIGN: Patients who were admitted to Northwestern Memorial Hospital in preterm labor and who received indomethacin tocolysis were eligible for the study [11].
• OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether oral terbutaline, used after successful intravenous tocolysis, will prolong pregnancy and prevent recurrent preterm labor [12].
• Pump therapy was discontinued and parenteral magnesium was resumed if recurrent preterm labor developed while women were on the therapeutic regimen at <34 weeks' gestation and no contraindication for tocolysis existed [13].

Biological context of Tocolysis

• We conclude that tocolysis with fenoterol results in a selective down-regulation of myometrial beta-adrenergic receptors, which is not associated with a reduction in the respective mRNA concentrations or alterations of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, Gs and Gi alpha-subunits, or beta ARK activity or mRNA [14].
• Careful monitoring of electrolytes, fluid balance, and cardiac rhythm should occur during tocolytic therapy with ritodrine or terbutaline [15].
• A triplet gestation was treated with Motrin for oral tocolysis [16].
• OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to prove our hypothesis that once preterm uterine contractions and/or labor is controlled with intravenous tocolysis, oral terbutaline, as a maintenance drug, does not prolong pregnancy [17].
• On the basis of this study, it appears that the use of nifedipine for preterm labor management is associated with hemodilutional changes but not the adverse cardiovascular or metabolic effects often associated with ritodrine tocolysis [18].

Anatomical context of Tocolysis

• Plasma levels of ritodrine (20.0 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) were within the range of those reported in human fetuses exposed to ritodrine tocolysis [19].
• Fetal tone, gross body movements, and amniotic fluid volume were found to be unaffected by magnesium sulfate tocolysis [20].
• RESULTS: Patient characteristics (mothers and infants) were the same in both groups, with the exception of the number of steroid courses administered, the number of women with premature rupture of membranes (defined as > 24 hours), and the number of women who had received tocolysis [21].
• CONCLUSION: The results suggest that, in addition to tocolysis, nifedipine can cause vascular dilatation in both the uterus and the placenta [22].
• One hundred six patients in preterm labor with intact amniotic membranes and gestational age less than or equal to 32 weeks were randomized to receive either ritodrine hydrochloride or a 48-hour course of indomethacin for tocolysis [23].

Associations of Tocolysis with chemical compounds

• Many therapeutic agents have been investigated for efficacy and safety in tocolysis, including ethanol, beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and calcium channel blockers [24].
• Congenital rickets associated with magnesium sulfate infusion for tocolysis [25].
• The effect of oral beta-sympathomimetic tocolytic therapy on neonatal serum glucose concentrations in the first several hours after delivery was examined in 12 babies [26].
• OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relative efficacy of nifedipine and beta-agonists for tocolysis [27].
• Predicting delivery within 48 hours in women treated with parenteral tocolysis [28].

Gene context of Tocolysis

• Accordingly, coapplication of a selective PDE4 inhibitor might greatly improve the usefulness of beta-mimetic in tocolysis [29].
• In women who had failed tocolysis, discriminatory concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were 20 and 15 ng/mL, respectively [30].
• The role of oxytocin receptors and vasopressin V1a receptors in uterine contractions in rats: implications for tocolytic therapy with oxytocin antagonists [31].
• This study describes an effective and selective noncompetitive FP antagonist, THG113, which significantly delays preterm delivery; this provides the basis for future investigations for its use in tocolysis [32].
• In view of observations indicating accelerated fetal pulmonary maturation after tocolytic therapy with beta-adrenergic agonists, this study was undertaken to determine whether the phenomenon is related to enhanced maternal or fetal ACTH, cortisol or prolactin secretion [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tocolysis

• Modified bed rest, prophylactic tocolysis, and betamethasone were liberally used and patients were hospitalized only when obstetrically indicated [34].
• Randomized comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and subcutaneous terbutaline for external cephalic version under tocolysis [35].
• With indomethacin tocolysis, weekly fetal echocardiography is warranted for the duration of therapy [36].
• We compared the tocolytic effect of indomethacin and nylidrin in a prospective double-blind trial in which the appearance of the tocolytic treatment (always intravenous infusion and rectal suppositories/oral capsules) was identical to the subjects [37].
• The cardiovascular effects of ritodrine tocolytic therapy were assessed by noninvasive simultaneous recordings of indirect carotid pulse, electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram, and M-mode echocardiogram in 12 patients in preterm labor [38].

References