Disease relevance of Twins, Dizygotic

• Recent studies have established that disease concordance in dizygotic twins is the same as that in siblings generally, for both T1D and the MHC-associated autoimmune disease gluten-sensitive enteropathy, leaving little room for a differential environmental trigger [1].
• PKD1 manifests as typical adult onset disease in the father, but is seen as severe disease, detected as enlarged polycystic kidneys in utero, in one of a pair of dizygotic twins; the other twin has the mutation but no evidence of cysts, consistent with an adult onset disease course [2].
• The concordance rates for glucose intolerance, overall obesity and low HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher among monozygotic than dizygotic twins indicating a genetic influence on the development of these phenotypes [3].
• Intrapair birth weight difference correlated positively with the intrapair difference in creatinine clearance equally in monozygotic and dizygotic twins (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001; r = 0.43, P < 0.0001, respectively) [4].
• Antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (AChR-ab) were detected in a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) and at much lower levels in her asymptomatic fraternal twin and one other asymptomatic sibling [5].

Psychiatry related information on Twins, Dizygotic

• RESULTS: A significantly higher concordance was found for 35% CO2-induced panic attacks among monozygotic than dizygotic twins (55.6% versus 12.5%) [6].

High impact information on Twins, Dizygotic

• IBD sharing around the PPARG locus is not increased in dizygotic twins or their mothers [7].
• The correlations for IGFBP-3 concentration were r = 0.65 (P < 0.0001) and r = 0.23 (P < 0.06) for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively [8].
• For the IGF-II concentration the intrapair correlations were r = 0.66 (P < 0.0001) for the monozygotic and r = 0.34 (P < 0.01) for the dizygotic twins [8].
• Among the dizygotic twins (n = 8), no set was found to be concordant for PBC [9].
• Using the candidate gene approach, we searched for mutations in the gene encoding the FSH receptor in a woman who had given birth to two sets of dizygotic twins without fertility treatment [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Twins, Dizygotic

• We investigated the effects of prenatal overstimulation of the beta2-adrenergic receptor in dizygotic twins who were exposed to terbutaline, a selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat premature labor, as a gestational factor [11].
• Variable response to the diepoxybutane test in two dizygotic twins with Fanconi's anemia and flow cytometry for diagnosis confirmation [12].
• To determine if the level of this glycoprotein in whole and parotid saliva was genetically determined, agglutinin activity for Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans in saliva obtained from identical and fraternal twins was compared [13].

Biological context of Twins, Dizygotic

• However, comparison of the MSHR genotypes in dizygotic twin pairs discordant for red hair colour indicates that the MSHR gene cannot be solely responsible for the red hair phenotype, since five of 13 pairs tested had both haplotypes identical by state (with three of the five having both identical by descent) [14].
• Importantly, we found a similar increase in NDRG1 expression in placental samples derived from either singleton gestations complicated by intrauterine growth restriction or from dizygotic twin gestation where one twin exhibited growth restriction [15].
• When comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins within each sex group, the difference in triglyceride level was only apparent among male twins and the differences in systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were only seen among female twins [16].
• Elevation of follicular phase inhibin and luteinizing hormone levels in mothers of dizygotic twins suggests nonovarian control of human multiple ovulation [17].
• The P300 component of the auditory event-related potential in monozygotic and dizygotic twins [18].

Anatomical context of Twins, Dizygotic

• To analyze the relative importance of genetic vs. environmental factors in determining telomerase inducibility, we have compared telomerase activity in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs [19].
• Moreover, healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twin siblings to twins with AITD differ in prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies [20].
• To determine whether human decidua and/or chorion synthesizes and secretes prolactin, explants of decidua obtained at Caesarian section and explants of chorion from the membranes separating dizygotic twins were cultured for periods of up to 6 days [21].

Associations of Twins, Dizygotic with chemical compounds

• Intraclass correlations for identical and fraternal twin detection thresholds to pyridine were small and not significantly different [22].
• We report the occurrence of neonatal LE, manifested by photosensitivity and discoid LE skin lesions, in one fraternal twin [23].
• RESULTS: The resemblance in twin pairs for total caffeine consumption, heavy caffeine use, caffeine intoxication, caffeine tolerance, and caffeine withdrawal was substantially greater in monozygotic than in dizygotic twin pairs [24].
• BACKGROUND: Studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins indicate an important genetic influence on the variability of responsiveness to norepinephrine in superficial human vein [25].
• The intrapair differences in angiotensin converting enzyme levels for monozygotic, concordant dizygotic, and discordant dizygotic twins were 1.36 +/- 1.6, 1.86 +/- 1.6, and 17.25 +/- 4.3 U/L, respectively [26].

Gene context of Twins, Dizygotic

• Finally, the degree of allele sharing at ADRB1 (1165) also predicted variability in SBP and DBP at rest among dizygotic twin pairs (P < 0.04) [27].
• Genome-scans were performed in 701 dizygotic twin pairs from four samples with data on plasma levels of HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and their major protein constituents, apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) [28].
• Novel compound heterozygous nonsense mutations R518X/Q530X in the C-terminus of KCNQ1 were identified in both affected dizygotic twins; both the parents and a sibling each carried only one of the mutant alleles and were asymptomatic with modestly prolonged QTc intervals (0.46, 0.50, and 0.45 seconds, respectively) [29].
• In the present study, a panel of 93 dizygotic twin pairs discordant for rheumatoid arthritis were typed for HLA-A, -B, -Cw, and -DR antigens [30].
• In a sample of 282 female Caucasian dizygotic twins aged 21-80 years, we aimed to investigate the associations between blood pressure and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including the 825C>T and haplotypes of the GNB3 gene [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Twins, Dizygotic

• Twin study: The pairwise concordance rate for FC was 56% (10/18 pairs) in monozygotic and 14% (2/14 pairs) in dizygotic twins (P less than 0.05) [32].
• METHODS: A standard oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose) was performed in 196 dizygotic twins [33].
• A 33-year-old man who had received previous chemotherapy with cytarabine, daunorubicin and mitoxantrone followed by an autologous marrow transplant after conditioning with busulfan, melphalan and cyclophosphamide, fathered sex-mismatched fraternal twins approximately 6 years post-transplant [34].
• Positive and negative patch tests to merthiolate occur with the same frequency in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs [35].
• For this purpose, sera from 9 monozygotic twin pairs, from 10 dizygotic twin pairs and from two control groups were analyzed [36].

References