Disease relevance of Smegmamorpha

• Kidney hypertrophy is an androgen-dependent secondary sexual character in adult male sticklebacks and corresponds to the production of the glue protein spiggin during the breeding season [1].
• Minced fish (mullet) sausage mixes containing added sugar, salt, nitrate, nitrite and spices were fermented (48 h, 30 degrees C) by indigenous flora or by a starter culture (Pediococcus acidilactici) and the microbial ecology and behaviour of various bacteria was monitored [2].

High impact information on Smegmamorpha

• TIT FOR TAT in sticklebacks and the evolution of cooperation [3].
• Because peptide ligands for MHC class I molecules function as individuality signals in mice, we hypothesized that female sticklebacks might assess the degree of MHC diversity of potential partners by means of the structural diversity of the corresponding peptide ligands in perceived odor signals [4].
• The master sex-determination locus in threespine sticklebacks is on a nascent Y chromosome [5].
• Isolation and characterization of a novel phytosphingosine-containing GM2 ganglioside from mullet roe (Mugil cephalus) [6].
• To infer its structure changes and evolution in vertebrates, we cloned cDNAs encoding PGI genes from hagfish (Paramyxine yangi), gray mullet (Mugil cephalus), zebrafish (Danio rerio), toad (Bufo melanosticus), and snake (Boiga kraepelini) [7].

Biological context of Smegmamorpha

• Metabolic activation of known promutagens by liver S9 fractions of Mugil sp. (grey mullet) from two zones of the South Atlantic Spanish littoral was determined and related to their pollution levels [8].
• Changes of (Na+ -K+) dependent ATPase activity in gills and kidneys of two mullets Chelon labrosus (Risso) and Liza ramada (Risso) during fresh water adaptation [9].
• Effects of catecholamines on cyclic AMP in the gill of seawater, adapted mullet, Mugil capito [10].
• Seasonal variations of cytosolic antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and white muscle of thinlip gray mullet (Liza ramada Risso) from the Adriatic Sea [11].
• Microsomal cytochrome P450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and phase I (ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylases) and phase II (glutathione S-transferase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase) activities were studied in the liver and intestine of the striped mullet (Mullus barbatus) for 8 months (before and during sexual maturation) [12].

Anatomical context of Smegmamorpha

• Mn-SOD was strongly positive in mollusk and crab ducts and in mullet periportal hepatocytes [13].
• The presence of the calcium-binding protein calretinin in taste buds of a teleost, the thick-lipped grey mullet, was investigated using immunohistochemical techniques [14].
• Phylogenetic relationships among 93 specimens of 22 species of seahorses (genus Hippocampus) from the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans were analysed using cytochrome b gene sequence data [15].
• 3. Using specific antisera against tryptophan 5-hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, we have shown that the lateral B9 group and the groups of the upper and lower rhombencephalon are consistently present in adult sticklebacks [16].
• Overall, these results show that P4503A and P4502B are the major P450s responsible for N-demethylation of cocaine, whereas contribution of P4502D is a minor one, and P4502E1 is not involved in the N-demethylation of cocaine in mullet liver microsomes [17].

Associations of Smegmamorpha with chemical compounds

• Purification and characterization of multiple glutathione transferase isoenzymes from grey mullet liver [18].
• The gangliosides extracted from mullet milt were determined to be GM3, GM3 lactone, GM3 methyl ester, and 9-O-acetyl GM3 [19].
• Glutathione accounted for most of the acid-soluble thiol increase observed in mullet exposed to oil, whereas other acid-soluble thiols were also elevated after exposure to cadmium [20].
• Thus, the increase in hepatic acid-soluble thiols observed in mullet appears to be a specific response to chemical insult [20].
• The results therefore indicate, that most glomerular changes in male sticklebacks during the reproductive season are directly effected by testosterone [21].

Gene context of Smegmamorpha

• Here, the distribution of Vim and GFAP immunoreactivities was studied in the brain of larvae, juveniles, and adults of an advanced teleost, the gray mullet (Chelon labrosus) [22].
• Identification of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) related gene in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) [23].
• Described results clearly pointed at the possibility that at least in the red mullet MXR as a general defense mechanism may be mediated by the activities of at least two different types of transport proteins [23].
• Our results demonstrate that all the three PPAR subtypes are expressed in gray mullet liver but in different intensities [24].
• Development of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivities in the brain of gray mullet (Chelon labrosus), an advanced teleost [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Smegmamorpha

• The distribution of calretinin (CR) in the brain of an "advanced" teleost, the grey mullet, was studied by using immunoblotting and immunocytochemical techniques [25].
• The HPLC technique was validated for the assay of cortisol in mullet plasma and corticosterone in the rat [26].

References