Disease relevance of Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• CONCLUSIONS: Fludarabine used in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia may be associated with infections involving T-cell dysfunction, such as listeriosis, pneumocystosis, mycobacterial infections, and opportunistic fungal and viral infections [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) might have provided benefit to eight (57%) of the 14 adults in this series who died either of bacterial infections, toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, or pneumocystosis [2].
• On the basis of these results, PS-15 and epiroprim combined with dapsone are candidates for use for the prevention of both pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis [3].
• The most common reason for performing desensitisation is sulphonamide hypersensitivity for treatment or prophylaxis of pneumocystosis, where success rates of 68 to 100% have been reported [4].
• Disseminated pneumocystosis without pulmonary involvement during prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine therapy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [5].

High impact information on Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• Animal groups included: group 1, healthy controls; group 2, immunosuppressed, without pneumocystosis; group 3, immunosuppressed with pneumocystosis; group 4, immunosuppressed with well-established pneumocystosis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) [6].
• Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis in patients taking aerosolised pentamidine [7].
• Listeriosis or pneumocystosis occurred in 12 of 170 (7%) previously treated patients receiving fludarabine plus prednisone, 0 of 78 previously treated patients receiving fludarabine alone, and 2 of 154 (1%) previously untreated patients receiving fludarabine plus prednisone (P = 0.003) [1].
• Other factors such as the use of zidovudine and duration of immunodeficiency may also be important to the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis [8].
• In the present study, terbinafine administered orally at doses of 20 to 400 mg/kg/day and 50 to 250 mg/kg/day was ineffective therapy for mouse and rat models of pneumocystosis, respectively [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• The majority of sera tested from humans with diagnosed pneumocystosis and from rats allowed to recover from steroid-induced pneumocystosis reacted strongly with 110,000- to 116,000-, and 55,000- to 60,000-MW components [10].
• Role of clindamycin with or without another agent for treatment of pneumocystosis in patients with AIDS [11].
• Furazolidone exhibited only slight activity as a prophylactic agent but was moderately effective in the therapy of pneumocystosis [12].
• Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis were compared alone and in different combinations in the therapy of pneumocystosis in immunosuppressed rats [13].
• Serendipitous availability of a normal premorbid lung gallium scan indicated that pneumocystosis had developed during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis; at the time of presentation a repeat gallium scan indicated disease limited to the upper lobes [14].

Biological context of Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase genotypes in French patients with pneumocystosis: a 1998-2001 prospective study [15].
• Eight adults with AIDS and pneumocystis pneumonia (4 with a first episode and 4 with a repeat pneumocystosis) received daily inhalations of aerosol pentamidine isethionate for 21 days [16].

Anatomical context of Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• The recent emergence of P carinii infection of the thyroid gland is likely related to the use of inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis, which appears to predispose to the development of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis [17].
• Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy individuals produced an increased amount of TNF-alpha when exposed to P. carinii cysts obtained from rats with steroid-induced pneumocystosis [18].
• Pentamidine isethionate and sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine are excellent therapeutic agents in experimental and hypoergic, hypoimmune pneumocystosis as well as in focal interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (IPCP) in infants [19].

Gene context of Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• The majority of sera tested from humans with diagnosed pneumocystosis reacted strongly with the P115 proteins [20].
• Synergistic combinations of Ro 11-8958 and other dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors with sulfamethoxazole and dapsone for therapy of experimental pneumocystosis [21].
• Hepatic pneumocystosis without concomitant PCP in a patient with AIDS [22].
• Severe pulmonary pneumocystosis in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome induced by simian immunodeficiency virus: its characterization by the polymerase-chain-reaction method and failure of experimental transmission to immunodeficient animals [23].
• The present study intended to develop specific primers for PCR diagnosis of pneumocystosis and to evaluate diagnostic efficacy by preparation of template DNAs from invasive BAL fluid and also to screen serum or blood as a non-invasive specimen [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pneumonia, Pneumocystis

• This study evaluated the efficacy of terbinafine on rat P. carinii antigenic profile and the immune response by Western blot analysis, in comparison with atovaquone and co-trimoxazole in rats with pneumocystosis [25].
• Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is a feature of severe immunosuppression which earlier reports have suggested is limited to patients receiving either no prophylaxis or aerosolised pentamidine [26].
• Immunoblotting studies using rat-P. carinii antigen showed that 116-kDa antigen reacted with the antirat-P. carinii serum and sera from rnu/+ rats but not with the antimouse-P. carinii serum and the serum from a human with pneumocystosis, whereas 52-kDa antigens of rat-P. carinii were recognized by all the anti-P. carinii sera tested [27].

References