Disease relevance of Fetal Hypoxia

• The mechanism for the increased plasma Ep associated with hyperinsulinemia in the fetus is unexplained but may be mediated by fetal hypoxia [1].
• Hypoxia stimulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) gene expression in HepG2 cells: a possible model for IGFBP-1 expression in fetal hypoxia [2].
• Thus, melatonin may potentially be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions that may involve excessive free radical production, such as fetal hypoxia and preeclampsia [3].
• We hypothesized that maternal infusion of Trolox and AA, would reduce the fetal bradycardia and myocardial damage observed in fetal hypoxia and increase the total antioxidant activity in fetal plasma [4].
• Elevated erythropoietin levels were found in two out of eight infants born after labour in which there was 'acute' fetal distress, suggesting the presence of unrecognized chronic fetal hypoxia in these pregnancies [5].

High impact information on Fetal Hypoxia

• Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys [6].
• The authors advance a model whereby the neurotoxic effects of fetal hypoxia may lead to an early onset of schizophrenia due to premature cortical synaptic pruning [7].
• Fetal hypoxia was also produced during intra-arterial administration of the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)-theophylline (8-SPT) [8].
• Fetal hypoxia was induced by exposure of the ewe to 10% O2 in N2 for 30 min [9].
• Circulating levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF) are high in the fetus, and PAF is active in maintaining high PVR in fetal hypoxia (Ibe BO, Hibler S, Raj J [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fetal Hypoxia

• Since the fetal kidney contributes to vasopressin clearance, we propose that measurement of increased amounts of vasopressin in amniotic fluid would be indicative of fetal hypoxia [11].
• Maternal infusion of antioxidants (Trolox and ascorbic acid) protects the fetal heart in rabbit fetal hypoxia [4].
• Cerebral lactate signals could be detected during fetal hypoxia [12].
• The measurement of hypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine and uridine in umbilical cord blood and fetal scalp blood samples as a measure of fetal hypoxia [13].
• Fetal hypoxia secondary to uterine vascular insufficiency was induced by injecting norepinephrine or PGE2 into the maternal circulation of near-term sheep [14].

Biological context of Fetal Hypoxia

• Therefore, we measured concentrations of vasopressin in amniotic fluid under resting conditions, during and after fetal hypoxia, and with intravenous and intra-amniotic administration of vasopressin in 15 chronically instrumented fetal lambs between 111 and 141 days gestation [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: The chronically catheterized fetal sheep is a viable model for studying immunologically induced fetal anemia as hematocrit can be titrated and the fall in RCM and hematocrit are associated with fetal hypoxia and elevated EPO as occurs in the anemic human fetus [15].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low amniotic fluid index (AFI) reflects an increase in cord blood erythropoietin levels and is a marker of antenatal fetal hypoxia in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses in the third trimester [16].
• These results indicate that ET-1 in the fetal circulation may be involved in the regulation of the circulation in response to changes in acid-base balance related to fetal hypoxia [17].
• Cord plasma EPO levels, cord blood gases, and Apgar scores were determined prospectively and compared in four subgroups that were defined based on the presence or absence of fetal growth restriction (FGR; chronic fetal hypoxia), abnormal fetal heart rate tracings during labor (FHR; subacute/acute fetal hypoxia), or both [18].

Anatomical context of Fetal Hypoxia

• In the small-for-gestational-age fetuses, the maternal-to-fetal blood glucose concentration gradients for the umbilical vein and artery correlated significantly with the degree of fetal hypoxia but not with the degree of fetal smallness [19].
• Cord blood erythropoietin in relation to different markers of fetal hypoxia [20].
• The pathogenesis of ethanol-induced cortical dysgenesis may include fetal hypoxia and inhibition of neuroblast proliferation within the developing cerebral cortex [21].
• This study confirms that the fetal membranes are a major source of IGFBP-1 and that fetal circulating levels are raised where there is evidence of fetal hypoxia [22].
• OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study are (1) to determine the erythrocyte CAI and CAII concentrations in SGA and anemic fetuses and to compare them with normal levels, and (2) to examine whether there is any correlation between fetal hypoxia or anemia and isoenzyme concentrations [23].

Gene context of Fetal Hypoxia

• Induced acute fetal hypoxia resulted in an increase in ALAS-N mRNA and in a decrease in HO-1 mRNA [24].
• We studied correlations between levels of cord serum C-reactive protein (CRP), measured by a highly sensitive immunofluorometric assay, and indices of fetal hypoxia in diabetic pregnancies [25].
• Activin a plasma levels at birth: an index of fetal hypoxia in preterm newborn [26].
• OBJECTIVE: To measure the umbilical plasma concentration of endothelin (ET)-1 in the presence of labor, fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities, and fetal hypoxia [27].
• Prolonged mild fetal hypoxia up-regulates type I nitric oxide synthase expression in discrete areas of the late-gestation fetal sheep brain [28].

References