Disease relevance of Anemia

• Thalassemias are hereditary anemias caused by mutations that disturb the normal 1:1 balance of alpha- and beta-globin chains that form hemoglobin [1].
• The patients were classified as idiopathic hemochromatosis (14), porphyria cutanea tarda (4), and iron-loading anemias (16) [2].
• The iron chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate USP (Desferal, Ciba, Summit, NJ) is commonly used in the treatment of acute iron intoxication and chronic iron overload (associated with the transfusion-dependent anemias) [3].
• Since IFN gamma blood levels are elevated in some anemias of chronic disease, IFN gamma may have a role in promoting this anemia and its inhibitory effect might be better overcome by SCF plus EP [4].
• (3) This cascade provides a possible mechanism for the vasoconstriction and hypertension observed with clinical EPO use for the treatment of chronic anemias [5].

High impact information on Anemia

• The hematopoietic abnormalities in the trisomy 16 mouse, involving the lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid cell lineages, are much more generalized than the abnormalities in any of the other described genetically caused immunodeficiencies or anemias in the mouse [6].
• We have examined whether the secretion of erythropoietin (Epo) from genetically modified cells could represent an alternative to repeated injections of the recombinant hormone for treating chronic anemias responsive to Epo [7].
• These results indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells can be genetically modified to provide treatment of anemias due to Epo deficiency and suggest that this cell type may be targeted in the treatment of other diseases requiring systemic therapeutic protein delivery [8].
• We conclude that the serum erythropoietin levels in SCA increased at a lower hemoglobin concentration and are of a lower magnitude than that of the other anemias [9].
• PURPOSE: Severe anemias requiring RBC transfusions is a frequent complication of chemotherapy [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Anemia

• Although normal bone marrow cells expressed low levels of fetal antigens, large amounts were seen on bone marrow cells of patients with anemias due to iron, B12, or folic acid deficiencies, as well as on those with leukemia [11].
• Only two had anemias attributable to malabsorption; one was iron deficient, the other folate deficient [12].
• The methods thus proved suitable for detecting clinically significant deviations in oxygen affinity such as occur in patients with, e.g., abnormal hemoglobins, anemias, or carbon monoxide poisoning [13].
• The results demonstrate that electrophoretically and in terms of fluoride inhibition, nonspecific esterases obtained primarily from erythroid precursors in various types of anemias are similar to nonspecific esterases found in normal marrows presumably containing a more heterogeneous population of cells [14].
• Measurement of retHb and the rbcHb/retHb ratio may provide an estimate of the reduction in red blood cell survival and the severity of hemolysis in various anemias and allow more precise monitoring of the response to hydroxyurea, iron, r-HuEPO, or other therapies [15].

Biological context of Anemia

• A detailed study of the involvement of SCF and its receptor c-kit in normal erythropoiesis will help elucidate intrinsic irregularities of anemias such as Diamond Blackfan Anemia, an aregenerative congenital anemia [16].
• Lysate enzyme activities, creatine and hemoglobin concentrations, and whole blood reticulocyte counts were determined on 110 samples from 87 patients with a variety of anemias, including two pyruvate kinase deficient, three G6PD deficient, and four proven G6PD heterozygotes [17].
• The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiology of anemias in Internal Medicine Departments [18].

Anatomical context of Anemia

• A lesion as large as the one presented herein has rarely been reported with iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency anemias secondary to the contaminated small bowel (ileum) syndrome [19].

Gene context of Anemia

• We conclude that CD34 immunostaining in BMB is a useful tool for distinguishing RA from other anemias, assessing blast percentage in MDS cases, classifying them according to FAB, and following their evolution [20].
• Availability of recombinant cytokines has also allowed clinical testing in settings of disease- or therapy-related neutropenias and anemias, and particularly GM-CSF, G-CSF, and EPO have proven efficient in this respect [21].
• Serum transferrin receptor concentration in patients with anemias and polycythemias was determined [22].
• Considered in the differential diagnosis are reactive extramedullary hematopoietic tumors that usually occur in patients with severe chronic anemias [23].
• In the course of a phase I-II clinical study exploring the therapeutic potential of recombinant human erythropoietin in malignancy-associated anemias, a significant morphologic aspect was found in the marrow aspirates in two cases [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anemia

• Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) in increasing hemoglobin level in iatrogenic and disease-related anemias [25].

References