Disease relevance of Paracoccidioides

• 43-kilodalton glycoprotein from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: immunochemical reactions with sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, or Jorge Lobo's disease [1].
• Sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis contained IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-specific antibodies to a 43 kDa antigen contained in the filtrate of a culture of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [2].
• The objectives of the present study were to optimize the protocol of mouse immunization with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens (Rifkind's protocol) and to test the modulation effect of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) of immunized animals [3].
• The histological and ultrastructural aspects of chronic granulomas from rats infected intraperitoneally with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis are described with special emphasis on the composition of the extracellular matrix [4].

High impact information on Paracoccidioides

• A specific Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen, the 43-kDa glycoprotein (Gp43), has been identified, characterized, and cloned [5].
• Chemokine production and leukocyte recruitment to the lungs of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-infected mice is modulated by interferon-gamma [6].
• Here, we evaluated the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors and their regulation by IFN-gamma in the course of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) infection in mice [6].
• Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha determine resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in mice [7].
• We have isolated and characterized cDNA and genomic clones that encode a 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) from the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Paracoccidioides

• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, when grown in a synthetic medium, expresses at the cell surface of both yeast and mycelial forms acidic glycoconjugates containing N-acetylneuraminic acid units [9].
• In a murine model of chronic pulmonary and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis, ketoconazole (100 mg kg-1 in 0.3% agar) given by gavage twice daily for 1 or 2 months enabled all mice to clear disseminated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the spleen [10].
• Isoenzyme profiles of 10 strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from different origins (nine strains from patients with different clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis and one from the faeces of a penguin) were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 37 different enzymes [11].

Biological context of Paracoccidioides

• Together, these data show that apoptosis mediated by Fas-FasL and engagement of CTLA-4 are involved in modulation of the immune response in patients infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [12].
• The gp43 gene of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis B-339 is located in a 1,329-bp DNA fragment that includes two exons, a 78-bp intron, and a leader peptide-coding region of 105 bp [13].
• Antibody response to the 43 kDa glycoprotein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as a marker for the evaluation of patients under treatment [2].
• In this work, we report the nucleotide sequence of the kex2 gene cloned from the dimorphic and human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pbkex2) [14].
• Hygromycin B-resistance phenotype acquired in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis via plasmid DNA integration [15].

Anatomical context of Paracoccidioides

• In vivo and in vitro activation of pulmonary macrophages by IFN-gamma for enhanced killing of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis or Blastomyces dermatitidis [16].
• Short report: Inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated macrophages of the transition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia to yeast cells through a mechanism independent of nitric oxide [17].
• The water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of the cell wall alkali extract (F1SS) from the mycelial phase of the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is compared with F1SS polysaccharides obtained from the Onygenalean mycelial fungi Ascocalvatia alveolata, Onygena equina and Aphanoascus terreus [18].
• To compare the sequential evolution of lesions developed by resistant (A/Sn) and susceptible (B10.A) mice to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection we inoculated a virulent isolate of the fungus and collected the pancreas/peripancreatic omentum monthly (from 1 to 6 months) post infection [19].
• Histochemical localization of succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [20].

Associations of Paracoccidioides with chemical compounds

• Effects of amphotericin B and three azole derivatives on the lipids of yeast cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [21].
• MICs of micafungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole for Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, and Sporothrix schenckii were determined both for the yeast-like form and mycelial form [22].
• Inhibition of growth of the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by ajoene [23].
• Estradiol-binding proteins from mycelial and yeast-form cultures of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [24].
• S-Adenosyl-L-methionine inhibitors delta(24)-sterol methyltransferase and delta(24(28))-sterol methylreductase as possible agents against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [25].

Gene context of Paracoccidioides

• Forty-eight hours after infection, equivalent numbers of viable Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells were recovered from the lungs of IL-4(-/-) and WT mice intratracheally infected with one million fungal cells [26].
• Cloning and characterization of a LON gene homologue from the human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [27].
• Patients with active infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis present a Th2 immune response characterized by high Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 production [28].
• In our previous study, it was observed that human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) exhibited a fungistatic effect on yeast cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-8 (IL-8), enhanced the antifungal activity of PMNs [29].
• The PbMDJ1 gene belongs to a conserved MDJ1/LON locus in thermodimorphic pathogenic fungi and encodes a heat shock protein that localizes to both the mitochondria and cell wall of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Paracoccidioides

• Sensitive immunoradiometric assay for the detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens in human sera [31].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of a glucan synthase gene from the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis [32].
• Fragments of five genes encoding chitin synthase enzymes were identified in the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of conserved CHS gene domains [33].
• The succinate dehydrogenase activity of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was investigated histochemically by electron microscopy [20].
• A morphological mutant of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain IVIC Pb9 was isolated after treatment of the yeast-like (Y) form with nitrosoguanidine [34].

References