Disease relevance of Vaginitis

• Metronidazole is a drug used for the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis, amebiasis, giardiasis, and certain anaerobic bacterial infections in humans [1].
• Single dose versus seven day metronidazole in Gardnerella vaginalis associated non-specific vaginitis [2].
• Metronidazole for Corynebacterium vaginale vaginitis [3].
• The nystatin group experienced nine local yeast infections (four thrush, three esophagitis, and two vaginitis); three patients receiving ketoconazole had thrush [4].
• Ineffectiveness of erythromycin for treatment of Haemophilus vaginalis-associated vaginitis: possible relationship to acidity of vaginal secretions [5].

Psychiatry related information on Vaginitis

• Urogenital symptoms that clearly respond to estrogen therapy include atrophic vaginitis, dryness, and accompanying dyspareunia [6].

High impact information on Vaginitis

• Letter: Single-dose metronidazole for trichomonal vaginitis: a follow-up [7].
• Each treatment was well tolerated; vaginitis was the most frequently observed side effect (4% trovafloxacin, 7% ofloxacin) [8].
• The most common adverse events reported by the patients who received fleroxacin were nausea (5%), headache (3%), and vaginitis (3%) [9].
• The conditional probability of the several possible diagnoses was calculated, given various combinations of clinical data; a diagnosis of vaginitis was twice as likely as a diagnosis of UTI in a patient with dysuria [10].
• Fut2-LacZ-null mice, which are a model of the human ABO and Lewis nonsecretor group, display increased susceptibility to experimental yeast vaginitis, indicating a role for alpha(1,2)fucosylated cervical glycans in mucosal defense [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Vaginitis

• These results suggest that estrogen, but not progesterone, is an important factor in hormone-associated susceptibility to C. albicans vaginitis [12].
• In summary, itraconazole was found to be as effective and safe as clotrimazole in women with acute candida vaginitis [13].
• D0870, at doses of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg of body weight given once over the course of a 10-day infection, was effective in eradicating vaginitis caused by fluconazole-susceptible laboratory and clinical isolates, respectively [14].
• Ketoconazole in the prevention of experimental candidal vaginitis [15].
• Comparison of itraconazole and ketoconazole in the treatment of experimental candidal vaginitis [16].

Biological context of Vaginitis

• The clinical and experimental evidence support a role for secretory proteinase as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of candidal vaginitis [17].
• Sera from patients attending a vaginitis clinic had a seropositivity rate of 69% by indirect hemagglutination and 34% by gel diffusion [18].
• SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a randomized, double blind, controlled with placebo study, 27 women with climacteric symptoms and atrophic vaginitis were treated for 4 months with HT plus vaginal estriol 0.5 mg/day (group E) or placebo (group P) [19].
• The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole was studied in 20 paediatric patients aged 6 weeks and 4 to 14 years, who had trichomonal vaginitis or an anaerobic bacterial infection [20].
• Studies to date suggest a limited protective role for Candida-specific Th1-type cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against Candida albicans vaginitis, despite protection against other mucosal Candida infections [21].

Anatomical context of Vaginitis

• Side effects, including patients started on antibiotics but whose cultures did not confirm urinary tract infections, were diarrhea in 7 (16%) and rash in 1 (2%) of 44 A-C patients, compared with diarrhea in 1 (2%) and yeast vaginitis in 3 (6%) of 48 cefaclor patients [22].
• CONCLUSION: Estriol, which has little effect on the endometrium, has the potential to be highly useful for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis [23].
• Exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells with attached bacteria, termed 'clue cells', which were procured from a patient with non-specific vaginitis, were stained with ruthenium red and examined by transmission electron microscopy [24].
• These results indicate that treatment with povidone-iodine vaginal pessaries is effective in the treatment of different forms of vaginitis and their daily use in euthyroid, non-pregnant women is safe and has no effect on thyroid function [25].

Gene context of Vaginitis

• Interleukin-10 and TNF were not more prevalent in vaginitis patients or controls with a current candidal infection or BV than in uninfected subjects [26].
• Among the 67 women examined, proteinase was detected only in 22 harboring C. albicans (range, 42-233 ng/ml of vaginal fluid), at concentrations significantly higher in the 14 vaginitis patients than in the 8 asymptomatic fungal carriers [17].
• Animals receiving antimannoprotein (anti-MP) and anti-aspartyl proteinase (Sap) Ab-containing vaginal fluids from rats clearing a primary C. albicans infection showed a highly significant level of protection against vaginitis compared to animals given Ab-free vaginal fluid from noninfected rats [27].
• Resistance of T-cell receptor delta-chain-deficient mice to experimental Candida albicans vaginitis [28].
• In the same model, pepstatin A, a strong Sap inhibitor, exerted a strong curative effect on experimental vaginitis [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Vaginitis

• Most frequent scenario for recurrent Candida vaginitis is strain maintenance with "substrain shuffling": demonstration by sequential DNA fingerprinting with probes Ca3, C1, and CARE2 [30].
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the treatment outcome and safety of topical therapy with boric acid and flucytosine in women with Candida glabrata vaginitis [31].
• STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study of 62 otherwise healthy women who were attending a vaginitis clinic > or =3 times a year for symptoms of Candida vaginitis, positive microscopy, and at least one positive Candida culture and of 32 Candida-negative control subjects, all of whom were undergoing standardized oral glucose tolerance testing [32].
• We studied a sample of 30 women with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of aerobic vaginitis and compared the efficacy and tolerability of kanamycin and meclocycline, two products commercially available in Italy in the form of vaginal pessaries [33].
• The serological tests were less sensitive than biological tests (smear examination and culture); antibodies were detected in 22 of the 58 women with trichomonal vaginitis by IHA using polysaccharide as antigen, in 27 by IHA using protein antigen, and in 36 by ELISA [34].

References